Role of vitamin D3 (VitD3), its receptor (VDR), and osteopontin (OPN) in neurological function and BBB disruption. (a) Pre- and Post-treatment of VitD3 (30 ng/kg) decreased brain water content at 24 (n = 8 per group) and (b) decreased brain water content in Pre-SAH + VD3 group at 72 (n = 6 per group) h after SAH. Pre-SAH + VitD3, intranasal treatment 30 ng/kg/day VitD3 24 h before SAH; Post-SAH + VitD3, intranasal treatment 30 ng/kg/day VitD3 1 h after SAH. *P < 0.05 vs. sham. #P < 0.05 vs. SAH. (c) Neurobehavioral tests. siRNA, small interfering ribonucleic acid; ‡P < 0.01 vs. Pre-SAH + VitD3 + Vehicle; †P < 0.05 vs. Pre-SAH + VitD3 + Control siRNA; n = 5-6 per group; ♠P = 0.054 vs. Pre-SAH + VitD3 + Control siRNA. (d) Evans blue extravasation. n = 5 per group.