Table 2. Summary of measures of association between herpes zoster (type unspecified)* and cardiovascular events in reviewed studies.
| Outcome | Reference | Follow Up Period After HZ |
n Events / n with HZ |
Adjustment Variables | Measure of Association** | Adjusted Association Size (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebrovascular Events | ||||||
| Stroke (Non-Specified) |
Langan et al. | 3 months | 149** | AGE | IR | 1.42 (1.21 to 1.68) |
| Schink et al. | 3 months | 352** | AGE | IRR | 1.29 (1.16 to 1.44) | |
| Yawn et al. | 3 months | 33 / 4,478 | AGE, ARTHM, VASC | OR | 1.53 (1.01 to 2.33) | |
| Yawn et al. | 6 months | 46 / NR | AGE, HTN, VASC | OR | 1.28 (0.91 to 1.80) | |
| Kang et al. | 1 year | 133 / 7,760 | AGE, SEX, HTN, DM, CHD, HYPLIP, RENAL, AF, HF, VALV, CRTD, INC, URBN, GEO | HR | 1.31 (1.06 to 1.60) | |
| Sundström et al. | 1 year | 111 / 13,269 | AGE, SEX | IRR | 1.34 (1.12 to 1.62) | |
| Yawn et al. | 1 year | 71 / NR | AGE, SEX, HTN, DYSLIP, CHD, VASC | OR | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.36) | |
| Yawn et al. | 3 years | 176 / 4,151 | AGE, SEX, HTN, DYSLIP, CHD, VASC, DEP | OR | 1.02 (0.86 to 1.22) | |
| Breuer et al | 24 years | 2,727 / 106,601 | AGE, SEX, BMI, SMK, HYPLIP, HTN, DM, CHD, AF, PVD, CRTD, VALV | HR | 1.02 (0.98 to 1.07) | |
| Ischemic Stroke | Minassian et al. | 1 week | 499** | AGE | IR | 2.37 (2.17 to 2.59) |
| Schink et al. | 3 months | 310** | AGE | IRR | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.42) | |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | Schink et al. | 3 months | 42** | AGE | IRR | 1.53 (1.11 to 2.11) |
| TIA | Breuer et al. | 24 years | 2,275 / 106,601 | AGE, SEX, BMI, SMK, HYPLIP, HTN, DM, CHD, AF, PVD, CRTD, VALV | HR | 1.15 (1.09 to 1.21) |
| Stroke and TIA | Sreenivasan et al. | 2 weeks | 83 / 117,926 | AGE, SEX, SN | IRR | 2.27 (1.83 to 2.82) |
| Sreenivasan et al. | 1 year | 4,876 / 117,926 | AGE, SEX, SN | IRR | 1.21 (1.14 to 1.29) | |
| Sreenivasan et al. | 1 year | 1.05 (1.02 to 1.09) | ||||
| Kwon et al. | 11 years | 5,069 / 77,781 | AGE, SEX, HTN, HYPLIP, CHD, DM, HF, PVD, AF, RENAL, VALV | IRR | 1.90 (1.85 to 1.95) | |
*Cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus were included in all cases of the exposures,
** Comparison of patients with herpes zoster to those without (referent group)
Abbreviations (Alphabetically): AF: atrial fibrillation, ARTHM: arrhythmia, BMI: body mass index, CLIN: frequency of clinical visits, CNCR: cancer, CRTD: carotid disease, CHD: coronary heart disease, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVD: cerebral vascular disease, DEP: depression, DM: diabetes mellitus, GEO: geographical region, HF: heart failure: HR: hazard ratio, HYPLIP: hyperlipidemia, HTN: hypertension, HZ: Herpes Zoster, INC: income, IR: incidence ratio, IRR: incidence rate ratio, MEDS: medication use, NR: not reported, OCC: occupation, PVD: peripheral vascular disease, RENAL: renal disease, SCCS: self-controlled case series, SN: season, SMK: smoking statin, URBN: urbanization level of patient’s area of residence, VALV: valvular disease