Table 1. Status of crops considered.

Country	Benin, Niger, Nigeria[24]	Kenya[17,18]	Uganda[21]
Crop	Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)	White Corn	Matoke
Trait	Insect resistance	Insect resistance, stress tolerance	Black sigatoka resistance, Bacterial Wilt Resistance
genetic event/ genes introduced	Cry1Ab	Examples: MON810, Event 176, Event 5207	Chitinase gene (Black Sigatoka), hypersensitivity response-assisting protein (Hrap) gene from sweet pepper (bacterial wilt).
Partners Involved	AATF, CSIRO, IAR, IITA, INERA, Monsanto Company, NARS, NGICA, The Kirkhouse Trust	AATF, KALRO (former KARI), CIMMYT, Monsanto Company, University of Ottawa, NARS, Syngenta Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, USAID	Academia Sinica, NARO, IRAZ, IITA, Public and private tissue culture laboratories in the Great Lakes region of Africa including Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda
Regulatory Status	confined field trials since 2011	National Performance Trials (NPT) since 2004	confined field trials since 2007
Expected releasea	2017b	Since 2006c	Since 2007d 2020
Country Policy	Cartagena Protocol signed in 2000	Cartagena Protocol signed in 2000 National cultivation and import ban since 2012.	Cartagena Protocol signed in 2000

Sources: references mentioned and project websites: http://aatf-africa.org/.

^aExpected release refers to reports. As none has been released so far early dates indicate regulator delays.

^bExpected by 2017 depending on regulatory approval.

^cAccording to KARI and CIMMYT, first varieties should have reached farmers field by 2006, while first recommendations for release have been submitted in 1998.

^dThe status of the Black Sigatoka resistant banana is not known. Several experts involved in the research as well as the deregulation had been contacted. For the bacterial wilt resistant banana confined field trials are undertaken and release to farmers is expected for 2020.

Abbreviations: AATF: African Agricultural Technology Foundation, CIMMYT: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, IAR Institute of Agricultural Research, Zaria, Nigeria, IITA: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, INERA: Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles, Burkina Faso, IRAZ: Institut de recherche agronomique et zootechnique, KALRO: Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation, NARO: National Agricultural Research Organisation of Uganda, NGICA: Network for the Genetic Improvement of Cowpea for Africa, NARS: National Agricultural Research Systems in target countries of west Africa.