Table 4. Foregone benefits (consumer and producer surplus, benefits of reduced malnutrition) for a one and ten year delay in approval (million USD).
| Benin | Niger | Nigeria | Kenya | Uganda | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cowpea | Corn | Matoke | ||||||||
| 1 year | 10 year | 1 year | 10 year | 1 year | 10 year | 1 year | 10 year | 1 year | 10 year | |
| Foregone: - consumer surplus | 1.23 | 10.33 | 9.82 | 82.60 | 18.65 | 156.80 | 12.42 | 104.46 | 34.87 | 293.16 |
| - producer surplus | 0.61 | 5.17 | 4.91 | 41.30 | 9.32 | 78.40 | 6.21 | 52.23 | 17.43 | 146.58 |
| - total surplus | 1.84 | 15.50 | 14.74 | 123.91 | 27.97 | 235.19 | 18.64 | 156.69 | 52.30 | 439.74 |
| - reduced stunting | 0.53 | 4.44 | 0.20 | 1.68 | 18.61 | 156.49 | 31.16 | 261.96 | 45.05 | 378.78 |
| - reduced stuntingSH[5] | 0.15 | 1.23 | 0.06 | 0.47 | 5.17 | 43.47 | 3.23 | 27.17 | 4.67 | 39.28 |
| Total | 2.37 | 19.93 | 14.94 | 125.58 | 46.58 | 391.68 | 49.79 | 418.65 | 97.35 | 818.52 |
| TotalSH | 1.99 | 16.73 | 14.79 | 124.37 | 33.14 | 278.66 | 21.87 | 183.86 | 56.97 | 479.02 |
Note: superscript SH denotes calculation for malnutrition based on Smith and Haddad. Parameter values: adoption ceiling of 40% after 20 years; discount rate r = 0.04; d = 0.5; elasticity of supply ε = 0.6, elasticity of demand η = -0.3.