Table 1. Original operational definitions of the classification methods of scapular dyskinesis.
4-type [10] | Type 1 | Prominent inferior medial scapular border at rest and during arm motion |
Type 2 | Prominent entire medial scapular border at rest and during arm motion | |
Type 3 | Elevation of the superior border and anterior displacement of the scapula at rest and shoulder shrug without the occurrence of significant winging of the scapula at the beginning of the movement | |
Type 4 | Both scapulae are positioned symmetrically (the scapula of the dominant member may be a bit lower) at rest and turn symmetrically upwards with the medial border attached to the thorax during movement. | |
Yes/No [11] | Yes | Types 1, 2, and 3: Patterns of scapular asymmetry |
No | Type 4: Symmetric scapular motion | |
SDT [12] | Obvious | Apparent prominence of any portion of the medial border or inferior angle or dysrhythmia, or excessive or premature movement of the scapula during elevation or lowering of the arm |
Subtle | Questionable evidence of abnormality, inconsistently present | |
Normal | Absence of projection of the scapula, and upper and lower rotations are smooth and continuous during elevation and lowering of the arm, respectively. |
Abbreviation: SDT, scapular dyskinesis test.