Table 1.
The means and SEM for each experiment for PD patients and HC on all measures taken. Within each experiment, one-way ANOVAs were run between PD patients and HC (χ2 for the genders), and paired t-tests for the comparisons between patients ON and OFF medication for the UPDRS. MMSE scores from experiment 1 were converted to MoCA scores for comparison. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
| Experiment | 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | PD patients | HC | PD patients | HC | PD patients | HC |
| Number | 18 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 18 |
| Gender (M/F) | 15/3** | 7/11 | 16/2*** | 5/15 | 11/7 | 11/7 |
| Age | 71.56 (2.06) | 71.19 (2.52) | 67.39 (2.10) | 66.05 (2.05) | 69.11 (1.44) | 71.61 (2.05) |
| Years Education | 13.50 (0.66) | 12.93 (0.89) | 14.83 (0.91) | 13.75 (0.56) | 11.94 (0.52)* | 14.72 (0.65) |
| MoCA | 29.44 (0.12) | 29.63 (0.13) | 28.72 (0.50)* | 26.85 (0.53) | 27.61 (0.54) | 26.78 (0.56) |
| DASS | 21.71 (2.85)* | 12.19 (2.76) | 15.39 (2.54) | 20.05 (5.50) | 29.13 (4.53)** | 10.44 (2.29) |
| Depression | 6.35 (0.81)** | 2.88 (0.87) | 4.94 (1.13) | 5.55 (1.958) | 7.13 (1.71)*** | 2.78 (0.75) |
| Anxiety | 7.88 (1.27)** | 3.25 (0.88) | 5.67 (0.84) | 5.50 (1.80) | 10.33 (1.58)*** | 2.61 (0.69) |
| Stress | 7.47 (1.41) | 6.06 (1.32) | 4.78 (1.09) | 9.00 (2.02) | 11.67 (1.73)** | 5.06 (1.25) |
| BIS | 14.94 (2.36) | 15.31 (3.07) | 53.50 (2.47) | 51.90 (2.35) | 53.56 (2.70) | 51.00 (1.88) |
| LARS | −20.22 (1.36)*** | −27.44 (1.24) | −23.50 (1.71)* | −30.00 (1.58) | −22.44 (2.06)* | −27.06 (1.16) |
| UPDRS ON | 18.67 (2.69) | 18.78 (2.85) | 26.50 (2.73) | |||
| UPDRS OFF | 24.56 (3.41)*** | 23.28 (2.97) | 30.44 (2.52)*** | |||
| Years since diagnosis | 4.44 (1.21) | 4.39 (0.90) | 5.00 (1.02) | |||
| Years since symptoms | 5.18 (1.28) | 4.78 (0.86) | 6.44 (1.10) | |||
| LDE (mg) | 566.41 (61.18) | 543.70 (67.36) | 653.00 (93.96) | |||
| # levodopa/ dopamine agonists/both | 12/1/5 | 10/2/6 | 10/0/8 | |||
| # on XL meds | 3 | 10 | 9 | |||
MoCA=Montreal Cognitive Assessment, DASS=Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, BIS=Barratt Impulsivity Scale, LARS=Lille Apathy Rating Scale, UPDRS=Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, LDE=Levodopa Dose Equivalence.