Table 1.
Characteristics of ISBCS and DSBCS patients with and without postoperative BCVA, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2013-June 2015, %
| ISBCS | DSBCS | DSBCS vs ISBCS (with BCVA data) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With BCVA data N=3,561 patients |
Missing BCVA data N=1,686 patients |
With BCVA data N=13,711 patients |
Missing BCVA data N=5,657 patients |
p-value | |
| Duration of enrollment, years | |||||
| <5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | Ref |
| 5–10 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 0.16 |
| >10 | 86 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 0.51 |
| Year of first surgery | |||||
| 2013 | 16 | 19 | 46 | 47 | Ref |
| 2014 | 48 | 48 | 40 | 40 | <0.0001 |
| 2015 | 36 | 33 | 13 | 13 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 61 | 62 | 62 | 61 | Ref |
| Male | 39 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 0.48 |
| Age, years | |||||
| ≤74 | 54 | 55 | 51 | 53 | Ref |
| 75–79 | 22 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 0.76 |
| 80–84 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 0.09 |
| ≥85 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0.99 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| African-American | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0.43 |
| Asian-American | 13 | 12 | 15 | 15 | <0.01 |
| Latino/Hispanic | 12 | 12 | 10 | 10 | 0.02 |
| White | 64 | 65 | 63 | 63 | Ref |
| Multi-race | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0.24 |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.81 |
| Diabetes | 28 | 28 | 27 | 27 | 0.17 |
| Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index | |||||
| 0 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | Ref |
| 1 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 0.31 |
| ≥2 | 41 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 0.26 |
| Preoperative medications | |||||
| Tamsulosin | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 0.38 |
| Other alpha-1 agonist | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 0.06 |
| Warfarin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.32 |
| Lens type | |||||
| Monofocal | 94.6 | 94.1 | 92.7 | 90.6 | Ref |
| Multifocal, one or both eyes | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.5 | <0.001 |
| Toric, one or both eyes | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 0.02 |
| Axial length* | |||||
| ≤22.9 | 25 | 18 | 25 | 23 | Ref |
| 23.0–23.9 | 37 | 40 | 37 | 37 | 0.74 |
| 24.0–24.9 | 21 | 28 | 21 | 21 | 0.90 |
| ≥25.0 | 18 | 14 | 18 | 19 | 0.86 |
| Cataract thickness* | |||||
| ≤4.3 | 33 | 30 | 31 | 35 | Ref |
| 4.4–4.6 | 27 | 28 | 26 | 23 | 0.21 |
| 4.7–4.8 | 16 | 15 | 18 | 17 | 0.20 |
| ≥4.9 | 23 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 0.18 |
| Anterior chamber depth* | |||||
| ≤2.8 | 26 | 29 | 28 | 25 | Ref |
| 2.9–3.1 | 29 | 26 | 29 | 32 | 0.72 |
| 3.2–3.4 | 26 | 30 | 25 | 24 | 0.75 |
| ≥3.5 | 19 | 15 | 18 | 19 | 0.29 |
| Preoperative ocular conditions | |||||
| Vitrectomy | 0.3 | 0.02 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.29 |
| Other retinovitreal procedures | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.02 |
| Other ophthalmic procedures | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.36 |
| Glaucoma w/o medication | 13 | 13 | 16 | 15 | <0.001 |
| Glaucoma w/medication | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | <0.01 |
| Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.06 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, NOS | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0.02 |
| Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.28 |
| Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0.44 |
| Macular edema with diabetes | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1 | 1.3 | 0.03 |
| Macular edema without diabetes | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.08 |
| Age-related macular degeneration | 9 | 9 | 11 | 11 | <0.001 |
| Posterior vitreous detachment | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 0.002 |
| Epiretinal membrane | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Retinal vein occlusion | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.08 |
| Iritis or uveitis | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.05 |
| Fuchs | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.001 |
| Other corneal disorder | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | <0.01 |
| Blepharitis | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | <0.001 |
| Dry eye syndrome | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 0.08 |
Biometry data was obtained from Lenstar and were available during the last 12 months of the study, which included 1,664 ISBCS patients and 2,347 DSBCS patients. BCVA was obtained from manifest refraction using Snellen charts projected by standardized equipment (Nikon, Tokyo). Postoperative BCVA was obtained from the earliest measurement recorded nearest the date of surgery during the interval 3 weeks to 1 year after surgery. Preoperative medications were obtained from automated pharmacy data. Preoperative medical conditions were obtained from diagnosis codes recorded into the electronic medical record.
Characteristics of ISBCS and DSBCS patients with and without postoperative BCVA, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2013-June 2015, %
Abbreviations: ISBCS immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery; DSBCS delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery; BCVA best-corrected visual acuity