Table 1.

Clinical trials of DC based vaccine for cancer

Malignancy	Reference	Phase	N	Antigen	Vaccine construct
B-cell lymphoma	Hsu et al. [35]	Pilot	4	Idiotype protein	DCs + idiotype protein
Melanoma	Nestle et al. [36]	Pilot	16	HLA-restricted peptides or autologous tumor lysate	GM-CSF IL-4 DCs + tumor peptides or autologous tumor lysates
Prostate cancer	Murphy et al. [37]	II	25	PSM-P1 and -P2	GM-CSF IL-4 DCs + tumor peptides
Melanoma	Thurner et al. [38]	I	11	Mage-3A1	GM-CSF IL-4 DCs (activated with TNF-α) + Mage-3A1 tumor peptide
Melanoma	Mackensen et al. [39]	I	14	MAGE-1, MAGE-3, melan-A, gp100, tyrosinase	CD34 + progenitor derived DCs (activated with TNFα) + tumor peptides
Colorectal, NSCLC	Fong et al. [40]	I	12	610D: altered carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) peptide	FLT3 ligand-expanded DCs + 610D peptide
Melanoma	Banchereau et al. [41]	I	18	MART-1, tyrosinase, MAGE-3, gp100	CD34 + progenitor derived DCs (activated with TNF-α) + tumor peptides
Melanoma	Schuler-Thurner et al. [42]	I	16	Tumor peptides	GM-CSF IL-4 cryopreserved DCs (activated with TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2) + tumor peptides
Lymphoma	Timmerman et al. [43]	Pilot	35	Idiotype protein	DCs (spontaneously matured) + idiotype protein; idiotype and KLH protein vaccination
Cervical	Ferrara et al. [44]	Pilot	15	Recombinant HPV16 E7 or HPV18 E7 oncoprotein	GM-CSF IL-4 DCs (matured with IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2) + recombinant tumor protein
Melanoma	Salcedo et al. [45]	I/II	15	Allogeneic tumor lysate	GM-CSF IL-13 DCs + allogeneic tumor lysate; DC + hepatitis B surface protein (HBs) and/or tetanus toxoid
Melanoma	Palucka et al. [46]	I	20	Allogeneic tumor lysate (Colo829 melanoma cells)	GM-CSF IL-4 DCs (activated with TNF and CD40L) + allogeneic tumor lysate
Renal cell carcinoma	Wierecky et al. [47]	I/II	20	M1.1 and M1.2	GM-CSF IL-4 DCs (matured with TNF-α) + tumor peptides; !L-2 vaccination
Prostate cancer	Kantoff et al. [48]	III	341	PA2024: PAP-GM-CSF recombinant fusion protein	DCs + PA2024 recombinant fusion protein