Table 1. Cardiac conditions that increase young athletes’ risk for SCD.

Anomalous origin of coronary artery (second most common cause in the United States)

Aortic valve stenosis

Aortic dissection (usually complication in Marfan syndrome)

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) (most common cause in Italy)

Brugada syndrome (more prevalent in those of Asian descent)

HCM

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Coarctation of aorta

Congenital heart block (Mobitz type II, complete, or third degree)

Congenital or acquired long QT syndromes

Short QT syndrome

Coronary artery disease (rare in those younger than 35)

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Endocarditis

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Mitral valve prolapse

Myocarditis

Pericarditis

Postoperative congenital heart disease

Status post heart transplant

Kawasaki disease (coronary artery abnormalities)

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

SCD, sudden cardiac death; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.