Table 1.

Serum leptin, glucose insulin, and liver/fat pad NO levels of normal healthy, untreated, 0.08-ml/kg BW synthetic acetic acid vinegar (SL)-treated, 2-ml/kg BW synthetic acetic acid vinegar (SH)-treated, 0.08-ml/kg BW Nipa vinegar (NL)-treated and 2-ml/kg BW Nipa vinegar NH-treated obese mice.

	Leptin (ng/mL)	Glucose (mmol/L)	Insulin (ng/mL)	NO (µM NO/mg protein)
	Serum	Serum	Serum	Liver
Normal	8.23 ± 1.33*	4.10 ± 0.31*	0.91 ± 0.26*	4.64 ± 0.50*
Untreated	33.82 ± 2.96	7.10 ± 0.56	2.10 ± 0.46	6.27 ± 0.61
SL	31.32 ± 2.76	6.62 ± 0.33	1.84 ± 0.36	4.15 ± 0.48*
SH	19.97 ± 2.87*	5.97 ± 0.45	1.68 ± 0.37	2.88 ± 0.46*
NL	29.71 ± 3.27	6.65 ± 0.47	1.89 ± 0.31	2.60 ± 0.15*
NH	12.45 ± 4.52*	4.88 ± 0.66*	1.13 ± 0.24*	2.46 ± 0.14*

The data presented are represented as the mean ± SD of biological replicates of mice from the same treatment group. Values marked with * differed significantly compared to untreated groups (p < 0.05).