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. 2017 Jul 27;7:6648. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07206-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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aP2-p27 transgenic mice had a lower amount of UCP1 and an attenuated thermogenic response to cold exposure or β3-AR agonism. (A) The total amounts of DNA per BAT in Tg mice were reduced compared to those in WT mice (n = 5 per group, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (B and C) Quantification of mRNA expression in BAT from WT and Tg mice (B) revealed a comparable expression of genes related to thermogenic function. The total amounts of UCP1 per the BAT as a whole (C) in Tg mice were reduced, compared to those observed in WT mice (n = 5 per group, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (D) Core body temperatures in Tg mice were significantly decreased after exposure to an ambient temperature of 4 °C (n = 5 per group, one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer post-hoc test, *p < 0.05) while these were maintained in WT mice. (E) Rectal and interscapular BAT temperatures were increased by i.p. injection of CL316,243 (0.1 mg/kg) in Tg mice under urethane anesthesia, but the CL316,243-induced increase in BAT temperature was attenuated compared to that seen in WT mice (n = 5 per group, one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey–Kramer post-hoc test, *p < 0.05).