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. 2017 Jul 27;7:6703. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06949-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The perfusion culture results. All error bars, data range (n = 3, technical replicates). (a) The bioreactor culture of the CHO cells was performed for 18 days. The perfusion began after the 4-day batch culture. The cells continued to proliferate until the cell concentration peaked at 22 million cells/mL. The leveled-off concentration was 20 to 23 million cells/mL. The viability was maintained >98% after the cells became saturated. (b) The glucose and lactate levels were stabilized after the perfusion began. The stabilized glucose and lactate concentrations were 0.24 g/L and 2.46 g/L, respectively. No glucose spiking was done in this perfusion culture. The data points are average values from technical replicates (n = 2). (c) The cell concentrations of the bioreactor and the device outer outlet (permeate) were compared daily to measure cell retention efficiencies of the device. The cell retention device maintained the average cell retention efficiency of 82% for 20 to 23 million cells/mL throughout the perfusion culture. (d) The cell concentration (2.6 million cells/mL on average since Day 10) of the daily collected harvest bottles confirmed the continuous stable cell retention of the device. (e) The production of IgG₁ was demonstrated in the perfusion culture.