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. 2017 Jul 27;7:6645. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06341-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Model of how microRNA regulation of prosurvival target genes could result in differential suppression and differential cell survival after TBI. miR-15b-mediated suppression of random fluctuations in expression levels of pro-survival target genes, such as Bdnf, could lower the threshold for cell survival and result in neurodegeneration after TBI. Inset shows expression levels (from separate microarray experiments) of miR-15b in hippocampus of traumatic brain injured (TBI) rats and expression levels of Bdnf in pools of laser capture microdissected dying and surviving hippocampal pyramidal neurons after TBI.