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. 2017 Jul 27;7:6713. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07220-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Contribution of the different domains of DC-SIGN to the interaction with C. albicans. (A) CHO cells expressing the different DC-SIGN mutants were incubated with FITC-labeled C. albicans cells in the presence or absence of EDTA. The percentage of cells that bound C. albicans was calculated by flow cytometry. Data are presented as means ± S.D. (B) Example FD-curves of C. albicans interacting with CHO-DC-SIGN-WT with and without blocking Ab, CHO-DC-SIGN-ΔCRD, CHO-DC-SIGN-N80A, or CHO-DC-SIGN-ΔRep cells. (C,D) The detachment force (C) and work (D) needed to detach an C. albicans cell from the CHO cells stably expressing DC-SIGN-WT before and after blocking by anti-DC-SIGN, and CHO cells stably expressing DC-SIGN-ΔCRD, DC-SIGN-N80A, or DC-SIGN-ΔRep (N ≥ 3 independent experiments; N ≥ 20 cells; N ≥ 20 FD-curves per condition). Significance levels by Mann-Whitney (n.s. = not significant; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001). (E) Probability distribution of all rupture steps detected in the FD-curves of DC-SIGN-WT, DC-SIGN-N80A, and DC-SIGN-∆Rep interacting with C. albicans show different distributions that all peak around 110 pN (N > 2000 rupture steps). The normalized probability plots are shown and the ‘dashed’ curves are scaled relative to the number of rupture steps per FD-curve (arbitrary units).