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. 2017 Jul 27;7:6683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05938-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MHE is associated with activation of B lymphocytes and increased IgG content in plasma. (A) Percentage of total leukocytes that are B lymphocytes, as identified by flow cytometry by morphology combined with CD45 and CD19 positively marked cells. (B) Percentage of B lymphocytes that are activated (CD69⁺). (C) Content of IgG light (25 KDa) and heavy (50 KDa) chains in plasma, analyzed by western blot and expressed as percentage of control subjects. Representative images of the blots are shown. Unprocessed original scan of the blot is shown in Supplementary Fig. 1. Values are the mean ± SEM of the following number of individuals: CONTROL n = 19, without MHE (NMHE) n = 17, with MHE (MHE) n = 22. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by asterisks*. Values significantly different in patients with MHE compared to NMHE are indicated by α. (*/^αp < 0.05; ***p < 0.001).