Table 4.
Prospective association of sugar intake from sweet food/beverages and recurrent depression after 5 yearsa.
| Recurrent depression after 5 years, OR (95% CI)b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| events/person observations | Model 0c | Model 1d | Model 2e | |
| Sugar intake from sweet food/beverages | ||||
| Lowest Tertile | 258/848 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Middle Tertile | 220/737 | 1.19 (0.83, 1.73) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.60) | 1.05 (0.72, 1.53) |
| Highest Tertile | 263/719 | 1.81 (1.23, 2.66) | 1.60 (1.08, 2.37) | 1.47 (0.98, 2.22) |
| Total | 741/2304 | |||
| P for trend | 0.003 | 0.017 | 0.071 | |
Abbreviations: OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence interval, DASH = Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, CVD = cardiovascular disease. aProspective association across phases 7, 9 for recurrent depression. bDepression measured using 20-item the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
cModel 0 (792 events/2435 person observations): adjusted for age*sex, ethnicity. dModel 1: additionally adjusted for marital status, last grade level in civil service, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, sleep duration. eModel 2: additionally adjusted for energy intake from other foods, modified DASH diet score, fish, coffee and tea intake.