Table 3.

Acute neurodegeneration models—toxin-induced neurodegeneration.

Disease setting	Depletion model	Effect	References
Diptheria Toxin-induced hippocampal lesion	PLX3397 CSF1R inhibition (drinking water) in CaM/Tet-DTA mice post-lesion or during lesion	Post-lesion microglial depletion improves behavior (elevated-plus maze and morris-water maze) and reverses lesion-induced increase in inflammatory signaling. Microglial depletion during lesion exacerbates neuronal loss in hippocampus	Rice et al. (2015)
Diptheria Toxin-induced hippocampal lesion	PLX5622 CSF1R inhibition (chow) in CaM/Tet-DTA mouse post-lesion	Microglial elimination and repopulation, largely resolves chronic neuroinflammatory responses and improved behavioral abilities	Rice et al. (2017)
LPS-induced striatal neurodegeneration	Clodronate depletion i.v in gerbils	Attenuated striatal macrophage infiltration reduced the severity of LPS-induced neurodegeneration	Zito et al. (2001)
Parkinson’s disease	Clodronate i.v in MPTP (i.p) model of PD in C57BL/6	Partial depletion of peripheral Ly6Chi monocytes does not affect basal ganglia TH+ neuronal loss but protected against loss of TH+ neurons in the myenteric plexus (enteric nervous system)	Côté et al. (2015)
Kainic-acid induced epilepsy	Clodronate i.p. in C57BL/6	Depletion of F4/80+ cells in hippocampus reduces survival of dentate gyrus granule neurons.	Zattoni et al. (2011)
Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy	Pilocarpine-induced epileptic seizures in CCR2−/− mice	CCR2−/− and WT mice develop similar seizure severity but CCR2−/− mice develop less hippocampal neurodegeneration	Varvel et al. (2016)