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. 2017 Mar 16;432(1):7–24. doi: 10.1007/s11010-017-2993-1

Table 1.

Summary of clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic characteristics of control (CTL), control+methylene blue (CTL+MB), 11-week diabetic (DB), and 11-week diabetic+MB (DB+MB) rats

CTL CTL+MB DB DB+MB
Animal data and circulating metabolites
 BWstart (g) 285.0 ± 6.9 282.0 ± 9.9 285.8 ± 4.4 285.8 ± 3.4
 BWend (g) 359.0 ± 15.9 369.0 ± 16.5 273.0 ± 3.8* 265.0 ± 11.5*
 NFBG (mg/dL) 98.6 ± 1.3 97.3 ± 4.5 400.2 ± 14.9* 456.8 ± 23.9*
 FBG (mg/dL) 99.0 ± 0.5 95.3 ± 2.3 310.6 ± 10.8* 320.1 ± 8.9*
 Hb A1C (%) 2.5 ± 0.1 2.5 ± 0.1 5.6 ± 0.1* 5.6 ± 0.2*
Echocardiographic data
 HR (bpm) 363 ± 10 354 ± 7 284 ± 11* 273 ± 14*
 End-diastolic dia. (cm) 0.79 ± 0.02 0.77 ± 0.02 0.84 ± 0.02* 0.81 ± 0.01
 End-systolic dia. (cm) 0.45 ± 0.03 0.45 ± 0.01 0.50 ± 0.03* 0.44 ± 0.01
 Ejection time (msec) 73 ± 2 74 ± 2 105 ± 7* 108 ± 5*
 Fraction shortening 0.44 ± 0.03 0.43 ± 0.01 0.41 ± 0.01 0.45 ± 0.01
 End-diastolic vol. (ml) 0.52 ± 0.03 0.50 ± 0.03 0.64 ± 0.05* 0.57 ± 0.03
 End-systolic vol. (ml) 0.09 ± 0.01 0.08 ± 0.01 0.13 ± 0.02* 0.10 ± 0.01
LV hemodynamics
 End-systolic vol. (μL) 132.8 ± 11.4 133.4 ± 14.7 199.5 ± 28.5* 149.6 ± 11.4#
 End-diastolic vol. (μL) 477.7 ± 6.3 450.8 ± 27.2 579.7 ± 43.3* 486.8 ± 26.1#
 Stroke vol. (µL) 380.1 ± 22.5 367.5 ± 18.3 454.9 ± 36.9* 419.0 ± 17.1
 End-systolic pressure (mmHg) 118.9 ± 4.8 124.1 ± 6.4 98.6 ± 4.5* 109.0 ± 3.3*
 End-diastolic pressure (mmHg) 6.3 ± 0.5 7.6 ± 0.9 9.3 ± 0.9* 8.8 ± 0.2*
 Ejection fraction (%) 75.6 ± 1.6 78.0 ± 0.9 72.9 ± 2.7* 76.3 ± 1.3#
 +dP/dt (mmHg/sec) 6829 ± 638 7580 ± 559 4464 ± 168* 4870 ± 401*
 −dP/dt (mmHg/sec) 10,292 ± 1027 10,551 ± 1346 4734 ± 420* 4773 ± 407*
 Powermax (mWatts/μL2) 5.4 ± 0.8 7.3 ± 1.1 2.85 ± 0.3* 4.2 ± 0.6#
 Tauweiss (msec) 10.1 ± 0.5 9.7 ± 0.4 19.2 ± 1.1* 19.0 ± 1.1*

NFBG non-fasting blood glucose, FBG fasting blood glucose, MPI myocardial performance index, dV diastolic volume, sV systolic volume.

*p < 0.05 CTL (N = 7) versus DB (N = 7), and # p < 0.05 DB (N = 7) versus DB+MB (N = 7). Mean ± SEM. Full list of measured parameters can be found in Additional file: Table S1