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. 2017 Jul 28;10:228. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00228

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Controlled cortical impact (CCI) increases inflammation-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the hippocampus. (A) Anatomical characterization of moderate CCI 1, 3, or 7 days post injury (DPI), myelin (Blue) and Nissl (Purple). (B) Staining for apoptotic cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL; magenta), nucleus (blue). Images show ipsilateral hemisphere 1 day after moderate CCI in the hippocampus and the lesion boundary of the cortex. Scale bars = 50 μM. (C) Levels of inflammatory cytokines and (D) inflammation-associated miRNAs in the ipsilateral (IPSI) and contralateral (CONTRA) hippocampus 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after CCI by qPCR at 0.5-mm injury depth and in naïve animals (n = 3). (E) Anatomical characterization of severe CCI 3 DPI (left) and levels of miRNA in the hippocampus (right) were measured 3 days after injury by qPCR in naïve (n = 4), sham (n = 4), moderate CCI (n = 3), and severe CCI mice (n = 4). Data are expressed as fold change relative to naïve mice. The mean ± SEM are shown. #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01; ###P < 0.001 by two way ANOVA. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001 by Bonferroni post hoc testing relative to the contralateral hemisphere.