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After traumatic brain injury inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) increase and induce miR-155 expression in the injured hippocampus. miR-155 promotes type 1 interferon (IFN) though an unknown mechanism independent of SOCS1 and SHIP1. Also, expression of miR-155 has a neuroprotective effect after injury.
