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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2017 Jun 8;94(6):1263–1273.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.014

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Theoretical and analytic framework. (a) The encounter with a suffering person can elicit both empathic care and empathic distress. Participants provided continuous ratings of these emotions while listening to biographies describing true stories of human suffering. We developed whole-brain patterns predicting ratings of empathic care and distress from fMRI activity, and used marker responses to predict real-money trial by trial charitable donation amounts. (b) In leave-one-out cross-validation, we tested the sensitivity and relative selectivity of both markers, applying them to held-out test data for empathic care and distress.