Table 5.

Male all-cause Gompertz with gamma-distributed individual-level frailty mortality hazard rate ratios: exposed v. population-based controls

	Model 1		Model 2
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Born 1856, unknown birth month	±		±
Born Sep–Dec 1855	1.055	0.89, 1.25	1.097	0.92, 1.31
Born Jan–Mar 1856	1.019	0.85, 1.23	1.01	0.83, 1.23
Born Apr–Jun 1856	1.239**	1, 1.53	1.241*	0.99, 1.55
Born Jul–Sep 1856	1.034	0.84, 1.27	1.043	0.84, 1.30
Born Oct–Dec 1856	0.966	0.81, 1.15	0.99	0.82, 1.20
Born 1857–1861 (ref)	1.00		1.00
Born 1862–1866	1.001	0.96, 1.05	0.983	0.93, 1.03
Born 1867–1871	1.001	0.96, 1.05	0.975	0.93, 1.02
Mother died when child was age 10 and under			1.069*	0.99, 1.16
Father died when child was age 10 and under			1.059	0.97, 1.15
Missing information on child’s age at either parent’s death			1.072*	1.00, 1.15
Nam-Powers Score (Source: Death Certificate, Unit = 10)			0.957***	0.94, 0.97
Nam-Powers Score missing (= 1)			0.852***	0.81, 0.9
Farmer (= 1)			0.823***	0.78, 0.87
First-born child (= 1)			1.019	0.97, 1.07
No LDS church participation (ref)			1.00
Inactive church participation			1.033	0.98, 1.09
Active church participation			0.821***	0.78, 0.87
Married before age 50 (= 1)			0.834***	0.77, 0.91
1–6 children (ref)			1.00
7 or more children			0.975	0.93, 1.02
Nulliparous			1.101***	1.04, 1.17
Gamma	0.0881***	0.083, 0.094	0.0950***	0.09, 0.1
In theta	−2.819***	−4.39, −1.25	−1.799***	−2.33, −1.27
Theta (P-value)	0.06 (0.105)		0.17 (0.001)
n	15,847		15,847
Likelihood ratio χ2 (df)	5.97 (8)		377.40 (20)
AIC	30,300.01		29,952.79

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LDS, Latter-Day Saint; AIC, Akaike information criterion.

^±Estimates for this group have been suppressed because the sample size is small (n = 3) and estimates are not reliable.

Exponentiated coefficients; 95% CIs in second column.

^*P < 0.1,

^**P < 0.05,

^***P < 0.001.