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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2013 Apr;4(2):170–181. doi: 10.1017/S2040174412000682

Table 6.

Female and male all-cause mortality hazard rate ratios: exposed to undernutrition v. younger same-sex siblings

Female
Male
HR 95% CI HR 95% CI
Born Sep–Dec 1855 1.298 0.81, 2.07 1.048 0.83, 1.32
Born Jan–Mar 1856 0.851 0.49, 1.48 0.983 0.78, 1.24
Born Apr–Jun 1856 1.431 0.79, 2.6 1.138 0.87, 1.49
Born Jul–Sep 1856 0.867 0.46, 1.62 1.075 0.83, 1.39
Born Oct–Dec 1856 0.765 0.42, 1.4 1.069 0.85, 1.34
Younger same-sex siblings (ref) 1.00 1.00
Birth year 0.995 0.98, 1.01 1.002 0.99, 1.01
Nam-Powers Score (Source: Death Certificate, Unit = 10) 0.988 0.94, 1.04 0.956* 0.91, 1.00
Nam-Powers Score missing (= 1) 1.106 0.95, 1.28 0.890 0.77, 1.03
Farmer (= 1) 1.083 0.91, 1.28 0.914 0.79, 1.06
Married before age 50 (= 1) 0.839** 0.71, 0.99 0.882* 0.77, 1.01
1–6 children (ref) 1.00 1.00
7 or more children 0.998 0.87, 1.14 1.075 0.94, 1.23
Nulliparous 0.932 0.79, 1.1 1.15* 0.98, 1.35
No LDS church participation (ref) 1.00 1.00
Active church participation 0.840** 0.72, 0.98 0.898 0.77, 1.04
Inactive church participation 0.929 0.77, 1.12 1.154* 0.98, 1.36
Non-proportional effects (interaction with time)
Born Sep–Dec 1855 0.99 0.97, 1.01
Born Jan–Mar 1856 1.005 0.99, 1.02
Born Apr–Jun 1856 0.981* 0.96, 1.00
Born Jul–Sep 1856 1.005 0.98, 1.03
Born Oct–Dec 1856 1.014 0.99, 1.04
Theta  0.02   0.067***
n  1411  1537
Likelihood ratio χ2 (df) 22.78 (19) 30.86 (14)

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LDS, Latter-Day Saint.

Exponentiated coefficients; 95% CIs in second column.

*

P < 0.1,

**

P < 0.05,

***

P < 0.001.