Table 1. Results of selected checkpoint blockade trials in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Agent and trial | Phase | Population | Design | n | Response | Toxicities | Comments | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nivolumab (CheckMate 025) | III | Prior systemic therapies:
|
Open-label, 1:1 randomized trial | 821 | OS (months)
|
Grade 3–4 treatmentrelated AEs:
|
Hazard ratio for death with nivolumab = 0.73 (P = 0.002) | 37 |
Nivolumab and ipilimumab | I |
|
Randomized trial of three dosing cohorts: Induction
|
100 | ORR:
|
Treatment in Arm C stopped owing to toxicity Grade 3–4 treatment related AEs:
|
Median OS not reached with median follow-up duration ranging from 46–90 weeks | 48 |
Atezolizumab and bevacizumab | Ib | Various solid tumours allowed For RCC prior systemic therapies:
|
Two arms:
|
|
|
Grade 3–4 AEs regardless of attribution across all tumour types:
|
Atezolizumab and bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks chosen as the dose for a phase 2 trial | 62 |
AE, adverse event; MSKCC, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; ORR, objective response rate; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.