Table 2.

Pre-ECMO Candidate Variables Associated with Hospital Mortality by Univariate Analysis

Pre-ECMO Variables	Odds ratio (90% CI)	P-value
Male vs. female	01.00 (0.88–1.13)	0.962
Age ≥10 years vs. <10 years	1.249 (1.08–1.45)	0.014
Year of ECMO	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.036
Veno-venous vs. Veno-arterial ECMOa	0.52 (0.46–0.58)	<.0001
Pre-ECMO therapies
Mechanical ventilation > 14 days	1.73 (1.37–2.17)	<.0001
High frequency ventilation	1.05 (0.93–1.18)	0.5435
Inhaled nitric oxide	1.03 (0.91–1.16)	0.678
Neuromuscular blockers	0.88 (0.77–0.99)	0.0830
Pa02/FiO2 ratio
201–300 vs. >300 mmHg	1.53 (0.80–2.91)	0.001
101–200 vs. >300 mmHg	1.95 (1.15–3.31)	*
≤ 100 vs. > 300 mmHg	2.53 (1.55–4.13)	*
pH
pH >7.34 vs. 7.11–7.34	0.71 (0.60–0.82)	<.0001
pH <7.11 vs. 7.11–7.34	1.17 (1.01–1.34)	*
Primary pulmonary diagnoses
Aspiration	0.50 (0.34–0.74)	0.0021
Respiratory syncytial virus	0.60 (0.49–0.74)	<.0001
Sepsis induced ARDSb	1.67 (1.40–1.99)	<.0001
Pertussis	2.34 (1.66–3.28)	<.0001
Comorbid conditions
Structural heart disease	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.681
Chronic lung disease	1.20 (0.86–1.66)	0.368
Immunodeficiency	1.62 (1.03–2.55)	0.080
Myocarditis	1.89 (1.11–3.20)	0.047
Pre-ECMO cardiac arrest	1.63 (1.38–1.92)	<.0001
Cancer	2.20 (1.61–3.00)	<.0001
Acute renal failure	3.24 (2.77–3.79)	<.0001
Acute liver necrosis	12.9 (5.91–28.00)	<.0001

Each row of this table represents a separate univariate model. Records with either the vital status or predictor missing were dropped from the analysis. P-values are based on a likelihood ratio.

6% of ventilation duration, 5% of PaCO₂ and PaO₂, and 1% of sex is missing in the data; less than 1% of other variables are missing.

^aVeno-arterial was used for any mode using an arterial cannula

^bRestricted to patients without additional pulmonary infections

ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome; ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation;