Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in derivation and validation sets
| Characteristics | Derivation set (N = 1600) N (%) |
Validation set (N = 801) N (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.36 | ||
| Female | 1196 (74.8) | 585 (73) | |
| Male | 404 (25.3) | 216 (27) | |
| Age group | 0.59 | ||
| 18 to <40 | 448 (28) | 240 (30) | |
| 40 to <60 | 891 (55.7) | 437 (54.6) | |
| ≥60 | 261 (16.3) | 124 (15.5) | |
| Education status | 0.95 | ||
| <High school | 197 (14) | 105 (14.7) | |
| High school grad | 291 (20.7) | 150 (21.1) | |
| Some college | 634 (45.2) | 319 (44.8) | |
| ≥College grad | 282 (20.1) | 138 (19.4) | |
| Annual household income (USD) | 0.44 | ||
| <15,000 | 220 (18.6) | 131 (21.5) | |
| 15,000–<30,000 | 263 (22.2) | 122 (20) | |
| 30,000–<50,000 | 351 (29.6) | 180 (29.5) | |
| ≥50,000 | 351 (29.6) | 177 (29) | |
| Marriage status | 0.84 | ||
| Married or live together | 756 (59.2) | 363 (57.9) | |
| Separated, divorced, or widowed | 321 (25.2) | 161 (25.7) | |
| Never married | 199 (15.6) | 103 (16.4) | |
| Employment status | 0.10 | ||
| Employed | 1055 (74.8) | 495 (71) | |
| Unemployed | 208 (14.7) | 132 (18.9) | |
| Retired | 105 (7.4) | 52 (7.5) | |
| Student | 43 (3) | 18 (2.6) | |
| Presence of family support person | 0.06 | ||
| No family support person | 620 (38.8) | 342 (42.7) | |
| Having family support person | 980 (61.3) | 459 (57.3) | |
| Comorbidity index | 0.65 | ||
| ≤2 | 934 (62.8) | 456 (61.8) | |
| >2 | 554 (37.2) | 282 (38.2) | |
| Pain visual assessment | 0.35 | ||
| ≤4 | 1053 (75.9) | 506 (74) | |
| >4 | 335 (24.1) | 178 (26) | |
| Finishing all 16 classes | 0.82 | ||
| No | 488 (30.5) | 248 (31) | |
| Yes | 1112 (69.5) | 553 (69) | |
| Loss to follow-up | 0.73 | ||
| No | 911 (56.9) | 462 (57.7) | |
| Yes | 689 (43.1) | 339 (42.3) |