Table 2.
Baseline Markers Stratified to HFrEF and HFpEF
| Total Cohort (n=460) | HFrEF (n=364) | HFpEF (n=96) | P Value | P Valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | |||||
| hs‐CRP, mg/L | 2.3 (0.9, 5.2) | 2.1 (0.8, 4.7) | 3.6 (1.8, 7.0) | 0.001b | 0.022b |
| Pentraxin‐3, ng/mL | 3.7 (2.5, 5.6) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.8) | 3.2 (2.4, 4.7) | 0.009b | 0.198 |
| GDF‐15, ng/mL | 2.8 (1.9, 4.2) | 2.8 (1.9, 4.3) | 2.6 (1.9, 4.1) | 0.670 | 1.000 |
| RAGE, ng/mL | 2.9 (1.9, 4.8) | 3.0 (1.9, 4.9) | 2.6 (1.7, 4.0) | 0.053 | 1.000 |
| IL‐6, pg/mL | 7.0 (3.7, 12.2) | 6.7 (3.6, 11.3) | 8.2 (4.5, 13.6) | 0.100 | 1.000 |
| TNF‐α, pg/mL | 47.9 (6.2, 119.4) | 47.3 (8.1, 109.5) | 56.7 (4.8, 194.4) | 0.350 | 1.000 |
| TROY, ng/mL | 0.9 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.540 | 1.000 |
| TNF‐α‐R1a, ng/mL | 3.0 (2.1, 4.5) | 3.0 (2.1, 4.4) | 3.1 (2.2, 4.9) | 0.490 | 1.000 |
| Oxidative stress | |||||
| MPO, ng/mL | 20.4 (15.6, 28.2) | 20.6 (15.6, 28.4) | 19.9 (15.2, 27.2) | 0.530 | 1.000 |
| Remodeling | |||||
| Syndecan‐1, ng/mL | 20.2 (14.1, 27.5) | 20.5 (14.1, 28.1) | 19.2 (14.0, 24.6) | 0.360 | 1.000 |
| Periostin, ng/mL | 4.6 (3.4, 6.6) | 4.7 (3.4, 6.6) | 4.5 (3.4, 6.6) | 0.520 | 1.000 |
| Galectin‐3, ng/mL | 19.9 (15.2, 25.7) | 20.0 (14.8, 25.9) | 19.3 (15.8, 25.3) | 0.960 | 1.000 |
| ST‐2, ng/mL | 2.5 (1.4, 5.6) | 2.4 (1.4, 5.5) | 3.1 (1.6, 6.2) | 0.140 | 1.000 |
| Osteopontin, ng/mL | 160.1 (108.8, 219.5) | 161.2 (108.4, 217.1) | 153.8 (110.7, 240.5) | 0.980 | 1.000 |
| TGF‐ß, ng/mL | 50.6 (34.4, 75.1) | 51.4 (35.3, 77.5) | 44.3 (30.9, 63.3) | 0.069 | 1.000 |
| Cardiomyocyte stretch | |||||
| NT‐proBNP, pg/mL | 2601 (1398–5989) | 2988.8 (1511.0, 6708.9) | 1948.0 (855.3, 3827.0) | <0.001b | <0.001b |
| proANP, ng/mL | 20.4 (12.1–33.3) | 21.9 (13.2, 35.4) | 17.0 (10.0, 28.2) | 0.002b | 0.042b |
| cTnI, pg/mL | 14.1 (7.3, 29.4) | 13.1 (5.8, 34.8) | 0.562 | 1.000 | |
| Angiogenesis | |||||
| VEGF, pg/mL | 62.8 (31.4, 148.7) | 62.5 (28.5, 139.9) | 63.0 (35.8, 162.9) | 0.280 | 1.000 |
| VEFGR, ng/mL | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.009b | 0.255 |
| Angiogenin, μg/mL | 5.0 (3.5, 7.4) | 5.0 (3.5, 7.5) | 5.2 (3.5, 7.3) | 0.840 | 1.000 |
| NT‐proCNP, ng/mL | 0.024 (0.017, 0.035) | 0.023 (0.017, 0.034) | 0.024 (0.015–0.037) | 0.440 | 1.000 |
| Neuropilin‐1, ng/mL | 10.0 (7.1, 13.7) | 10.1 (7.1, 14.0) | 9.6 (7.0, 13.5) | 0.770 | 1.000 |
| Arteriosclerosis | |||||
| ESAM, ng/mL | 52.9 (44.5, 64.4) | 53.8 (45.3, 64.8) | 50.2 (41.1, 63.2) | 0.065 | 1.000 |
| Renal function | |||||
| NGAL, ng/mL | 84.6 (60.4, 119.9) | 84.2 (59.4, 119.2) | 84.7 (63.3, 122.3) | 0.440 | 1.000 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 11.0 (8.2, 15.5) | 10.7 (8.3, 15.6) | 11.1 (7.7, 15.1) | 0.650 | 1.000 |
| Hematopoiesis | |||||
| EPOa, IU/L | 9.6 (5.1, 15.9) | 9.5 (5.0, 15.5) | 10.3 (5.2, 16.5) | 0.560 | 1.000 |
| Other | |||||
| D‐Dimer, μg/mL | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.6 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.710 | 1.000 |
| WAP4C, ng/mL | 5.7 (3.1, 10.1) | 5.8 (3.5, 10.0) | 5.3 (3.1, 10.3) | 0.910 | 1.000 |
| Mesothelin, ng/mL | 29.4 (22.8, 38.7) | 29.8 (22.9, 38.8) | 28.3 (22.5, 38.0) | 0.380 | 1.000 |
| PIGR, ng/mL | 600.6 (337.4, 952.0) | 609.0 (388.7, 952.0) | 598.7 (331.5, 943.0) | 0.330 | 1.000 |
| PSAP, ng/mL | 68.6 (49.2, 98.5) | 68.8 (49.8, 101.0) | 67.3 (48.0, 93.6) | 0.760 | 1.000 |
| ET‐1, ng/mL | 4.5 (3.6, 6.1) | 4.5 (3.6, 6.1) | 4.5 (3.4, 5.7) | 0.430 | 1.000 |
BUN indicates blood urea nitrogen; cTNI, cardiac troponin‐I; EPOa, erythropoietin; ESAM, endothelial cell‐selective adhesion molecule; ET‐1, endothelin‐1; GDF‐15, growth differentiation factor 15; HFpEF, heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction; hs‐CRP, high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein; IL‐6, interleukin 6; MPO, myeloperoxidase; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain‐type natriuretic peptide; NT‐proCNP, amino terminal pro‐C‐type natriuretic peptide; PIGR, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor; proANP, pro‐atrial‐type natriuretic peptide; PSAP, prostate‐specific acid phosphatase; RAGE, receptor of advanced glycation end‐products; ST‐2, suppression of tumorigenicity 2; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor β; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor α; TNF‐α‐R1a, tumor necrosis factor α receptor 1a; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; WAP4C, WAP 4 disulfide core domain protein.
Corrected P‐value.
P‐value lower than the significance treshhold of 0.05.