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. 2017 Apr 1;6(4):e004820. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004820

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© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Bilirubin inhibits the formation of aortic root lesions in Ldlr ^−/− mice. Animals received intraperitoneal bilirubin (30 mg/kg), vehicle, or sham for 8 weeks while on a Western diet. A through C, Representative photomicrographs of aortic root sections stained for lipid (Oil Red O; A), extracellular matrix (Sirius Red; B), or smooth muscle cells (α‐smooth muscle [α‐SM] actin; C). Scale bars represent 100 μm. Panels on the left indicate the results of quantitative morphometric analysis, with (A) expressed as the ratio of lesion area to total valve area and (B and C) expressed as the ratio of compositional area to total lesion area. The geometric mean is indicated with a line for each treatment group (n=4–7). *P<0.01; **P<0.001; ^† P<0.05; ^†† P<0.005.