Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Mar 30;6(4):e004891. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004891

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

PMC Copyright notice

Characterization of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation program in human venous samples. Venous samples obtained from patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement or at revision of a failed AVF were subjected to immunostaining for VSMC contractile proteins including CNN1, MYH11, and ACTA2. Representative images for each protein staining in the consecutive cross sections are shown. Strong staining of the three VSMC markers (CNN1, MYH11, and ACTA2) was seen in the medial layer (M) of the placement vessels. However, there was little to no signal in the adventitia (A). Strong staining of the 3 VSMC markers was also observed in the thickened medial layer of the failed revision AVF samples, but there was decreased intensity seen in the neointima (NI) of revision samples. L indicates the lumen of the vessel. The image is representative of 4 placement and 4 revision veins, each from different individuals (8 individuals in total). DAPI indicates 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole.