Table 3.
Uni‐ and Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard Models for Serum IL‐34 as a Predictor of End Points in HF Patients With or Without CKD
| Unadjusted | Adjusted for Model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (CI) | P Value | HR (CI) | P Value | |
| Primary end point | ||||
| Non‐CKD | 1.365 (1.044–1.786) | 0.023 | 1.275 (0.973–1.670) | 0.078 |
| CKD | 1.595 (1.274–1.997) | <0.001 | 1.345 (1.117–1.619) | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular death | ||||
| Non‐CKD | 1.389 (0.970–1.989) | 0.073 | 1.332 (0.929–1.910) | 1.332 |
| CKD | 1.345 (1.067–1.696) | 0.012 | 1.347 (1.051–1.727) | 0.019 |
| HF hospitalization | ||||
| Non‐CKD | 1.270 (0.937–1.722) | 0.123 | 1.163 (0.815–1.659) | 0.407 |
| CKD | 1.305 (1.039–1.638) | 0.022 | 1.273 (1.014–1.600) | 0.038 |
| All‐cause mortality | ||||
| Non‐CKD | 1.376 (1.014–1.869) | 0.041 | 1.330 (0.976–1.814) | 0.071 |
| CKD | 1.391 (1.062–1.637) | 0.012 | 1.306 (1.056–1.615) | 0.014 |
The primary end point indicates a composite end point of cardiovascular death or first‐time HF hospitalization. IL‐34 level was analyzed as a log‐transformed continuous variable. Model: adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, history of DM, history of hypertension, hsCRP, NT‐proBNP, cystatin C, hemoglobin, albumin, and NYHA class. Hazard ratios (HRs) are per 1 SD. DM indicates diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure; hsCRP, high‐sensitivity C reactive protein; IL, interleukin; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association.