Table 3.
Hazard Ratios (95% CIs) Showing the Association Between Changes in CAC and Incident Heart Failure in Participants With Baseline CAC=0 and Baseline CAC >0 Separately
| Models (No. of Events/Analyzed) | Baseline CAC=0 | Baseline CAC >0 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a (49/2923) | Model 2b (46/2791) | Model 3c (33/2741) | Model 1a (133/2721) | Model 2b (122/2593) | Model 3c (57/2308) | |
| Absolute changes in CAC per yeard | 2.02 (1.47–2.78)e | 1.8 (1.21–2.69)e | 1.79 (1.08–2.95)e | 1.04 (1.03–1.05)e | 1.02 (0.999–1.03) | 1.02 (1.001–1.05)e |
| Progressors vs nonprogressors | 3.74 (2.12–6.62)e | 2.52 (1.36–4.67)e | 2.39 (1.15–4.95)e | 1.54 (1.08–2.19)e | 1.09 (0.74–1.59) | 0.98 (0.56–1.68) |
Model 1: unadjusted.
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), use of antihypertensive medication, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, use of lipid‐lowering medication, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking status, heart rate, creatinine, highest education level, household income, and baseline coronary artery calcium (CAC) score (Exam 1).
Model 3: Model 2 after excluding participants with any coronary heart diseases.
Hazard ratio (HR) per 10 Agatston Unit annual increase in CAC.
Statistically significant HRs (95% CIs).