Table 4.
Estimated Regression Coefficients and Their 95% Confidence Intervals Showing the Association Between CAC Progression and the Left Ventricular Function and Structure Measures by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Full Cohort
| Models (n) | Absolute Changes in CAC Per Yeara | Progressors vs Nonprogressors | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EF | Model 1b (2721) | −0.04 (−0.11 to 0.03) | −0.24 (−0.88 to 0.41) |
| Model 2c (2598) | −0.07 (−0.15 to 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.67 to 0.64) | |
| SV | Model 1 (2719) | 0.05 (−0.04 to 0.14) | 0.42 (−0.33 to 1.17) |
| Model 2 (2596) | 0.04 (−0.06 to 0.13) | 0.53 (−0.24 to 1.3) | |
| LVEDV | Model 1 (2720) | 0.14 (−0.01 to 0.28) | 1.21 (0.02–2.39)d |
| Model 2 (2597) | 0.16 (0.01–0.31)d | 0.98 (−0.21–2.18) | |
| LVESV | Model 1 (2719) | 0.09 (0.002–0.18)d | 0.79 (0.06–1.51)d |
| Model 2 (2596) | 0.12 (0.03–0.21)d | 0.44 (−0.26 to 1.15) | |
| LVM | Model 1 (2720) | 0.08 (−0.03 to 0.20) | 0.70 (−0.31 to 1.70) |
| Model 2 (2597) | 0.1 (−0.03 to 0.23) | 0.61 (−0.42 to 1.64) | |
| MVR | Model 1 (2722) | −0.001 (−0.003 to 0.001) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01) |
| Model 2 (2599) | −0.001 (−0.003 to 0.001) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01) |
CAC indicates coronary artery calcium; EF, ejection fraction; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; LVM, left ventricular mass; MVR, mass to volume ratio; SV, stroke volume.
Coefficient (95% CI) per 10 Agatston Unit annual increase in CAC.
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), use of antihypertensive medication, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, use of lipid‐lowering medication, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking status, heart rate, creatinine, highest education level, household income, and baseline CAC score (Exam 1).
Model 2: Model 1 after excluding participants with any coronary heart diseases.
Statistically significant coefficients (95% CIs).