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. 2017 Apr 24;6(4):e005364. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.005364

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© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Schematic diagram depicting the mechanism underlying aortic valve calcification. miR‐204 functions as a negative regulator of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix (Osx). miR‐486 positively regulates α–smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression through the PTEN–AKT pathway and promotes aortic valve interstitial cell pro‐osteogenic activity by inducing myofibroblastic transition. Upregulated expression of miR‐486 and downregulated expression of miR‐204 synergistically enhances valvular pro‐osteogenic activity.