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Examples of manifestations in the four different stages of noma. (a) Stage 1, gingiva is red, bleeding and has lesions. (b) Stage 2, cheek is swollen. (c) Stage 3, a gangrenous plaque has occurred at the chin. (d) Stage 4, gangrenous tissue of left lip, left commissure and left cheek has fallen off, leaving a hole. (a–c) Property of WHO/AFRO and (d) property of Clemence Marimo. Reproduced with permission.
