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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jul 28.
Published in final edited form as: Am Educ Res J. 2016 Oct 23;53(6):1732–1758. doi: 10.3102/0002831216674804

Table 5.

Individual and Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA) Factors Associated With Level of Youth Engagement in GSAs

Level 1 Model
Multilevel Model
Coefficient SE Coefficient SE
Level 1: Individual level
    Sexual orientation 0.03 0.12 −0.02 0.11
    Male 0.04 0.12 0.06 0.11
    Trans/gender-queer 0.47** 0.17 0.45** 0.16
    Race/ethnicity −0.26* 0.12 −0.28** 0.10
    Membership duration 0.31** 0.05 0.31** 0.05
    LGB friends 0.11** 0.04 0.11** 0.04
    Trans friends 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05
    Support/socializing received 0.23* 0.09 0.23* 0.09
    Individual perception of structure (lin. fx) −0.02 0.09 −0.02 0.09
    Individual perception of structure2 (quad, fx) −0.14** 0.04 −0.13** 0.04
    Individual perception of open climate of GSA 0.12 0.09 0.13 0.09
Level 2: GSA level
    Number of participants in the GSA −0.06** 0.01
    Collective perception of structure (lin. fx) 0.02 0.14
    Collective perception of structure2 (quad, fx) 0.04 0.05
    Collective perception of open climate of GSA 0.52* 0.20
Deviance statistic 623.65 603.72

Note. Values are unstandardized coefficient estimates and their standard errors (SE). Sexual orientation is dichotomized as 1 = sexual minority; race/ethnicity is dichotomized as 1 = racial/ethnic minority. Lin. fx = linear effect; quad fx = quadratic effect.

*

p < .05.

**

p < .01.