Table 1. Summary of the main clinical features in unrelated subjects with either isolated ANKRD11 alterations or 16q24.3 microdeletiona.
Clinical featuresb | ANKRD11 mutationc | ANKRD11 deletiond | ANKRD11 intragenic duplication | 16q24.3 Microdeletion syndrome | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Previous report | This reporte | Total | ||||
Gender | 22 M 10 F | 5 M 1 F | 1 M 1 F | 7 M 1 F | 7 M 3 F | 14 M 4 F |
Characteristic facial anomalies | 32/32 (100) | 6/6 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 5/8 (62.5) | 3/10 (30) | 8/18 (44.4) |
Macrodontia of upper central incisors | 29/32 (90.6) | 3/6 (50) | 2/2 (100) | 4/8 (50) | 5/10 (50) | 9/18 (50) |
Postnatal short stature with height <3rd centile | 20/32 (62.5) | 5/6 (83.3) | 2/2 (100) | 2/8 (25) | 4/10 (40) | 6/18 (33.3) |
Mild-to-moderate developmental delay | 11/32 (34.4) | 5/6 (83.3) | 0/2 (0) | 7/8 (87.5) | 8/10 (80) | 15/18 (83.3) |
Mild-to-moderate intellectual disability | 26/32 (81.3) | 1/6 (16.7) | 2/2 (100) | 3/8 (37.5) | 7/10 (70) | 10/18 (55.6) |
Seizures | 7/32 (22) | 1/6 (16.7) | 0/2 (0) | 3/8 (37.5) | 2/10 (20) | 5/18 (27.8) |
CNSf malformation | 1/32 (3.1) | 0/6 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 3/8 (37.5) | 2/10 (20) | 5/18 (27.8) |
Hand anomalies | 29/32 (90.6) | 4/6 (66.7) | 2/2 (100) | 3/8 (37.5) | 2/10 (20) | 5/18 (27.8) |
Costovertebral anomalies | 17/32 (53.1) | 0/6 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 0/8 (37.5) | 0/10 (0) | 0/18 (0) |
Significantly delayed bone age | 10/32 (31.3) | 2/6 (33.3) | 0/2 (0) | 2/8 (25) | 3/10 (30) | 5/18 (27.8) |
Cryptorchidism | 11/22 (50) | 0/5 (0) | 0/1 (0) | 2/7 (28.6) | 3/7 (42.9) | 5/14 (35.7) |
Thrombocytopenia | 0/32 (0) | 0/6 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 2/8 (25) | 2/10 (20) | 4/18 (22.2) |
Severe astigmatism | 0/32 (0) | 0/6 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 2/8 (25) | 3/10 (30) | 5/18 (27.8) |
CHDsg | 3/32 (9.4) | 0/6 (0) | 2/2 (100) | 2/8 (25) | 4/10 (40) | 6/18 (33.3) |
First-degree relative with KBG | 11/32 (34.4) | 1/6 (16.7) | 2/2 (100) | 2/8 (25) | 0/11 (0) | 2/18 (11.1) |
Bold values indicates the clinical features that distinguish 16q24.3 microdeletion syndrome from KBG syndrome.
Patient 6 was excluded because ANKRD11 is not involved in the deletion region; patient 10 was excluded as well, being deletion was distal to ANKRD11.
According to Skjei et al, revisited.
Only six out of seven patients were considered as one presented the deletion in mosaic.
Central nervous system.
Congenital heart defects.