Table 2. Associations between inflammation-, immune-, and metabolic-related markers and self-reported diabetes.
| Marker | Quantile (Q) | Total (N) | Self-Reported Diabetes N (%) | POR (95% CI)a | P-trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin | Q1 | 193 | 0 | - | |
| Q2 | 198 | 4 (2.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Q3 | 216 | 11 (5.1) | 2.3 (0.5–10.1) | ||
| Q4 | 211 | 31 (14.7) | 12.2 (3.3–45.5) | 0.0003 | |
| GIP | Q1 | 196 | 3 (1.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 230 | 12 (5.2) | 4.0 (0.7–22.2) | ||
| Q3 | 206 | 11 (5.3) | 4.2 (0.8–21.7) | ||
| Q4 | 186 | 20 (10.8) | 15.9 (3.3–77.2) | 0.0007 | |
| PP | Q1 | 194 | 5 (2.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 216 | 7 (3.2) | 1.7 (0.3–9.9) | ||
| Q3 | 185 | 14 (7.6) | 9.2 (1.9–43.8) | ||
| Q4 | 223 | 20 (9.0) | 5.8 (1.2–28.0) | 0.001 | |
| sIL-6R | Q1 | 489 | 25 (5.1) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 466 | 28 (6.0) | 1.6 (0.6–4.4 | ||
| Q3 | 373 | 24 (6.4) | 1.3 (0.4–4.4) | ||
| Q4 | 485 | 43 (8.9) | 4.3 (1.7–10.6) | 0.003 | |
| CCL21 | Q1 | 364 | 23 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 381 | 20 (5.3) | 1.3 (0.4–4.6) | ||
| Q3 | 400 | 31 (7.8) | 3.6 (1.2–10.5) | ||
| Q4 | 419 | 40 (9.5) | 4.1 (1.4–11.9) | 0.004 | |
| CCL20 | Q1 | 521 | 22 (4.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 311 | 22 (7.1) | 0.7 (0.2–2.4) | ||
| Q3 | 376 | 25 (6.6) | 1.5 (0.5–4.6) | ||
| Q4 | 356 | 45 (12.6) | 4.7 (1.7–12.9) | 0.005 | |
| sTNFR1 | Q1 | 458 | 26 (5.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 389 | 14 (3.6) | 0.1 (0.0–0.6) | ||
| Q3 | 457 | 34 (7.4) | 1.7 (0.7–4.3) | ||
| Q4 | 509 | 46 (9.0) | 2.3 (0.96–5.3) | 0.006 | |
| CXCL11 | Q1 | 402 | 21 (5.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 428 | 34 (7.9) | 3.1 (1.2–8.5) | ||
| Q3 | 383 | 26 (6.8) | 2.1 (0.7–6.7) | ||
| Q4 | 351 | 33 (9.4) | 5.8 (2.1–16.2) | 0.007 | |
| CCL19 | Q1 | 405 | 15 (3.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 368 | 26 (7.1) | 1.6 (0.5–5.3) | ||
| Q3 | 354 | 28 (7.9) | 1.3 (0.4–4.2) | ||
| Q4 | 437 | 45 (10.3) | 4.7 (1.5–15.1) | 0.01 | |
| sTNFR2 | Q1 | 403 | 20 (5.0) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 418 | 20 (4.8) | 0.5 (0.2–1.6) | ||
| Q3 | 454 | 31 (6.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | ||
| Q4 | 538 | 49 (9.1) | 2.7 (1.2–6.5) | 0.01 | |
| CXCL10 | Q1 | 505 | 25 (5.0) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 419 | 19 (4.5) | 1.4 (0.5–4.1) | ||
| Q3 | 418 | 29 (6.9) | 1.5 (0.6–4.0) | ||
| Q4 | 471 | 47 (10.0) | 3.2 (1.3–8.0) | 0.02 | |
| CXCL6 | Q1 | 383 | 19 (5.0) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 378 | 29 (7.7) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | ||
| Q3 | 402 | 31 (7.7) | 1.0 (0.4–2.8) | ||
| Q4 | 401 | 35 (8.7) | 3.3 (1.2–9.1) | 0.03 | |
| Amylin | Q1 | 371 | 19 (5.1) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 152 | 6 (3.9) | 0.8 (0.2–3.1) | ||
| Q3 | 147 | 11 (7.5) | 2.8 (0.9–8.8) | ||
| Q4 | 148 | 10 (6.8) | 2.9 (0.9–9.6) | 0.04 | |
| sIL-RII | Q1 | 464 | 24 (5.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 482 | 24 (5.0) | 1.5 (0.6–4.0) | ||
| Q3 | 388 | 26 (6.7) | 1.9 (0.7–5.1) | ||
| Q4 | 479 | 46 (9.6) | 2.8 (1.1–7.4) | 0.04 | |
| Glucagon | Q1 | 648 | 31 (4.8) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 170 | 15 (8.8) | 2.7 (1.0–7.0) | ||
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | 0.04 | |
| C-peptide | Q1 | 197 | 9 (4.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 199 | 8 (4.0) | 0.9 (0.2–3.9) | ||
| Q3 | 209 | 9 (4.3) | 0.09 (0.2–3.7) | ||
| Q4 | 213 | 20 (9.4) | 3.5 (0.95–13.1) | 0.05 | |
| IL-8 | Q1 | 402 | 23 (5.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 425 | 27 (6.4) | 2.1 (0.7–6.0) | ||
| Q3 | 487 | 33 (6.8) | 2.2 (0.8–5.9) | ||
| Q4 | 504 | 37 (7.4) | 2.6 (1.0–6.3) | 0.06 | |
| Leptin | Q1 | 238 | 8 (3.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 193 | 11 (5.7) | 2.5 (0.5–12.1) | ||
| Q3 | 215 | 17 (7.9) | 6.5 (1.2–36.6) | ||
| Q4 | 175 | 10 (5.8) | 5.3 (0.7–41.6) | 0.07 | |
| EGF | Q1 | 517 | 50 (9.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 381 | 27 (7.1) | 1.3 (0.5–3.1) | ||
| Q3 | 495 | 29 (5.9) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | ||
| Q4 | 425 | 14 (3.3) | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) | 0.08 | |
| CCL13 | Q1 | 368 | 19 (5.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 404 | 18 (4.5) | 1.4 (0.5–4.5) | ||
| Q3 | 388 | 36 (9.3) | 1.7 (0.6–5.3) | ||
| Q4 | 409 | 41 (10.1) | 2.7 (0.9–7.9) | 0.08 | |
| IL-16 | Q1 | 624 | 47 (7.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 295 | 15 (5.1) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | ||
| Q3 | 307 | 20 (6.5) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | ||
| Q4 | 343 | 32 (9.4) | 2.0 (0.9–4.5) | 0.08 | |
| CCL27 | Q1 | 379 | 36 (9.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 400 | 27 (6.8) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) | ||
| Q3 | 370 | 32 (8.7) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | ||
| Q4 | 420 | 19 (4.5) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.09 | |
| CCL8 | Q1 | 443 | 31 (7.0) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 371 | 30 (8.1) | 2.3 (0.8–6.2) | ||
| Q3 | 354 | 19 (5.4) | 2.0 (0.7–5.8) | ||
| Q4 | 401 | 34 (8.5) | 2.7 (1.0–7.6) | 0.11 | |
| P-trend | |||||
| CCL24 | Q1 | 356 | 18 (5.1) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 445 | 35 (7.9) | 2.1 (0.7–6.3) | ||
| Q3 | 357 | 26 (7.3) | 2.0 (0.7–6.1) | ||
| Q4 | 411 | 35 (8.5) | 2.5 (0.9–7.1) | 0.11 | |
| P-trend | 0.11 | ||||
| GLP-1 | Q1 | 619 | 30 (4.9) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 202 | 16 (7.9) | 2.1 (0.8–5.4) | 0.13 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| P-trend | |||||
| sVEGFR2 | Q1 | 358 | 17 (4.8) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 489 | 35 (7.2) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | ||
| Q3 | 518 | 33 (6.4) | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) | ||
| Q4 | 453 | 35 (7.8) | 2.0 (0.7–5.3) | 0.14 | |
| G-CSF | Q1 | 996 | 59 (5.9) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 433 | 31 (7.2) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | ||
| Q3 | 389 | 30 (7.8) | 2.0 (0.9–4.5) | 0.14 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IFN-γ | Q1 | 1019 | 65 (6.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 351 | 23 (6.6) | 1.3 (0.5–3.0) | ||
| Q3 | 445 | 32 (7.2) | 1.8 (0.8–3.8) | 0.15 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| TNF-α | Q1 | 443 | 20 (4.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 402 | 33 (8.2) | 1.5 (0.5–4.2) | ||
| Q3 | 442 | 24 (5.4) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | ||
| Q4 | 541 | 43 (8.0) | 2.2 (0.8–5.9) | 0.17 | |
| CXCL5 | Q1 | 361 | 18 (5.0) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 417 | 35 (8.4) | 2.6 (0.9–7.2) | ||
| Q3 | 333 | 28 (8.5) | 2.1 (0.8–5.9) | ||
| Q4 | 458 | 33 (7.2) | 2.7 (0.9–7.7) | 0.17 | |
| PYY | Q1 | 597 | 28 (4.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 118 | 9 (7.7) | 2.6 (0.8–8.8) | ||
| Q3 | 106 | 9 (8.5) | 1.9 (0.5–6.9) | 0.18 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CXCL9 | Q1 | 386 | 28 (7.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 318 | 19 (6.0) | 0.8 (0.2–2.4) | ||
| Q3 | 363 | 25 (6.9) | 1.3 (0.5–3.5) | ||
| Q4 | 502 | 42 (8.4) | 1.8 (0.7–4.8) | 0.18 | |
| CX3CL1 | Q1 | 1520 | 97 (6.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 298 | 23 (7.7) | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 0.20 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CXCL13 | Q1 | 332 | 18 (5.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 356 | 27 (7.6) | 1.3 (0.4–4.1) | ||
| Q3 | 375 | 31 (8.3) | 1.3 (0.4–4.4) | ||
| Q4 | 506 | 38 (7.5) | 2.2 (0.7–7.2) | 0.21 | |
| IL-1α | Q1 | 1489 | 93 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 329 | 27 (8.2) | 1.6 (0.8–3.4) | 0.22 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-5 | Q1 | 1572 | 102 (6.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 246 | 18 (7.3) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) | 0.24 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-17 | Q1 | 890 | 61 (6.9) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 290 | 21 (7.2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | ||
| Q3 | 292 | 14 (4.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | ||
| Q4 | 346 | 24 (6.9) | 1.8 (0.8–4.2) | 0.31 | |
| IL-11 | Q1 | 1179 | 84 (7.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 390 | 30 (7.7) | 1.5 (0.7–3.0) | 0.32 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CCL15 | Q1 | 340 | 20 (5.9) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 386 | 23 (6.0) | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | ||
| Q3 | 380 | 27 (7.1) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | ||
| Q4 | 463 | 44 (9.5) | 1.4 (0.5–4.0) | 0.32 | |
| IL-12p40 | Q1 | 1477 | 95 (6.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 341 | 25 (7.4) | 1.4 (0.7–2.9) | 0.36 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CCL7 | Q1 | 1551 | 102 (6.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 267 | 18 (6.8) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.36 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CXCL1,2,3 | Q1 | 479 | 35 (7.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 354 | 20 (5.7) | 1.0 (0.4–2.7) | ||
| Q3 | 482 | 32 (6.6) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | ||
| Q4 | 503 | 33 (6.6) | 1.5 (0.6–3.9) | 0.38 | |
| SAA | Q1 | 235 | 13 (5.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 238 | 19 (8.0) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | ||
| Q3 | 230 | 21 (9.1) | 1.1 (0.4–3.5) | ||
| Q4 | 291 | 21 (7.2) | 0.4 (0.1–1.3) | 0.42 | |
| SCF | Q1 | 841 | 61 (7.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 335 | 22 (6.6) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | ||
| Q3 | 393 | 31 (7.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 0.43 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-12p70 | Q1 | 1534 | 96 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 287 | 24 (8.5) | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 0.44 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CCL2 | Q1 | 423 | 24 (5.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 408 | 32 (7.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | ||
| Q3 | 451 | 28 (6.2) | 0.7 (0.3–2.1) | ||
| Q4 | 536 | 36 (6.8) | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | 0.44 | |
| IL-1β | Q1 | 1350 | 86 (6.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 260 | 19 (7.3) | 1.2 (0.5–2.9) | ||
| Q3 | 208 | 15 (7.2) | 1.4 (0.6–3.5) | 0.44 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| sEGFR | Q1 | 458 | 27 (5.9) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 456 | 32 (7.1) | 1.1 (0.4–2.9) | ||
| Q3 | 517 | 37 (7.2) | 1.6 (0.6–4.3) | ||
| Q4 | 387 | 24 (6.2) | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) | 0.46 | |
| P-trend | |||||
| FGF-2 | Q1 | 1257 | 79 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 284 | 19 (6.7) | 1.1 (0.4–2.8) | ||
| Q3 | 277 | 22 (7.9) | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 0.47 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CCL11 | Q1 | 377 | 23 (6.1) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 427 | 25 (5.9) | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | ||
| Q3 | 455 | 32 (7.1) | 1.7 (0.6–4.7) | ||
| Q4 | 599 | 40 (7.2) | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) | 0.47 | |
| TGF-α | Q1 | 451 | 33 (7.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 390 | 29 (7.4) | 1.5 (0.5–4.2) | ||
| Q3 | 470 | 24 (5.1) | 1.1 (0.4–3.1) | ||
| Q4 | 507 | 34 (6.8) | 2.2 (0.8–5.9) | 0.48 | |
| IL-6 | Q1 | 1287 | 81 (6.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 266 | 22 (8.3) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | ||
| Q3 | 265 | 17 (6.4) | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.49 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-1RA | Q1 | 1411 | 92 (6.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 407 | 28 (6.9) | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 0.50 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-2 | Q1 | 1392 | 86 (6.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 426 | 34 (8.0) | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 0.53 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CRP | Q1 | 214 | 8 (3.8) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 287 | 17 (5.9) | 1.3 (0.4–4.8) | ||
| Q3 | 359 | 26 (7.2) | 1.3 (0.3–4.9) | ||
| Q4 | 383 | 29 (7.6) | 0.6 (0.1–3.3) | 0.53 | |
| GM-CSF | Q1 | 1200 | 77 (6.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 303 | 18 (5.9) | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | ||
| Q3 | 315 | 35 (7.9) | 1.5 (0.6–3.4) | 0.56 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| TSLP | Q1 | 1243 | 89 (7.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 326 | 25 (7.7) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 0.57 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| VEGF | Q1 | 675 | 40 (5.9) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 339 | 30 (8.9) | 1.5 (0.6–4.0) | ||
| Q3 | 360 | 22 (6.1) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | ||
| Q4 | 444 | 28 (6.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) | 0.63 | |
| SAP | Q1 | 190 | 10 (5.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 216 | 18 (8.3) | 2.4 (0.5–12.4) | ||
| Q3 | 248 | 15 (6.1) | 2.2 (0.5–10.0) | ||
| Q4 | 340 | 31 (9.1) | 0.9 (0.2–3.9) | 0.69 | |
| CCL17 | Q1 | 322 | 40 (12.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 351 | 17 (4.8) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | ||
| Q3 | 423 | 25 (5.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3) | ||
| Q4 | 473 | 32 (6.8) | 0.8 (0.3–2.3) | 0.70 | |
| sGP130 | Q1 | 455 | 19 (4.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 449 | 29 (6.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2.7) | ||
| Q3 | 454 | 35 (7.7) | 0.9 (0.3–2.4) | ||
| Q4 | 460 | 37 (8.1) | 1.3 (0.5–3.5) | 0.71 | |
| CCL3 | Q1 | 1565 | 106 (6.8) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 253 | 14 (5.6) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | ||
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | 0.74 | |
| IL-10 | Q1 | 1337 | 85 (6.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 283 | 22 (7.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | ||
| Q3 | 198 | 13 (6.6) | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | 0.76 | |
| TRAIL | Q1 | 418 | 32 (7.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 320 | 31 (9.8) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | ||
| Q3 | 417 | 20 (4.8) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | ||
| Q4 | 414 | 31 (7.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 0.78 | |
| IL-4 | Q1 | 1407 | 93 (6.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 411 | 27 (6.6) | 1.1 (0.5–2.5) | 0.78 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| P-trend | |||||
| IL-7 | Q1 | 1383 | 93 (6.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 435 | 27 (6.2) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) | 0.79 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| sVEGFR3 | Q1 | 447 | 23 (5.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 468 | 31 (6.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.8) | ||
| Q3 | 441 | 35 (8.0) | 1.7 (0.7–4.3) | ||
| Q4 | 462 | 31 (6.7) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | 0.83 | |
| CCL22 | Q1 | 416 | 36 (8.7) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 402 | 28 (7.0) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | ||
| Q3 | 434 | 21 (4.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | ||
| Q4 | 566 | 35 (6.2) | 0.9 (0.3–2.5) | 0.85 | |
| IL-15 | Q1 | 1489 | 98 (6.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 329 | 22 (6.7) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.86 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CXCL12 | Q1 | 381 | 29 (7.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 441 | 31 (7.1) | 0.7 (0.2–2.2) | ||
| Q3 | 401 | 25 (6.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | ||
| Q4 | 346 | 29 (8.4) | 1.3 (0.5–3.2) | 0.86 | |
| IFN-α2 | Q1 | 1479 | 103 (6.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 239 | 17 (7.1) | 1.1 (0.4–2.6) | 0.88 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| CCL4 | Q1 | 517 | 40 (7.8) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 400 | 25 (6.3) | 0.6 (0.2–1.6) | ||
| Q3 | 429 | 24 (5.6) | 0.5 (0.2–1.4) | ||
| Q4 | 472 | 31 (6.6) | 1.1 (0.5–2.8) | 0.90 | |
| TPO | Q1 | 990 | 75 (7.6) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 286 | 11 (3.9) | 1.0 (0.3–2.9) | ||
| Q3 | 293 | 28 (9.6) | 1.1 (0.4–2.7) | 0.91 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-29 | Q1 | 1327 | 95 (7.2) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 242 | 19 (7.9) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.92 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - | ||
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| sIL-4R | Q1 | 478 | 35 (7.4) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 419 | 26 (6.2) | 0.6 (0.2–1.5) | ||
| Q3 | 430 | 32 (7.4) | 1.9 (0.8–4.8) | ||
| Q4 | 491 | 27 (5.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.6) | 0.93 | |
| TNF-β | Q1 | 1353 | 88 (6.5) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 239 | 17 (7.1) | 1.1 (0.5–2.7) | ||
| Q3 | 226 | 15 (6.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.5) | 0.93 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| sCD40L | Q1 | 254 | 21 (8.3) | 1.00 | |
| Q2 | 244 | 19 (7.8) | 1.5 (0.5–5.0) | ||
| Q3 | 1320 | 80 (6.1) | 1.1 (0.5–2.8) | 0.94 | |
| Q4 | - | - | - | ||
| IL-33 | Q1 | 1226 | 81 (6.6) | 1 | |
| Q2 | 343 | 33 (9.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | 0.99 | |
| Q3 | - | - | - |
Markers in bold, including metabolic-related markers, retained statistical significance of associations with self-reported diabetes with a false discovery rate <5% (P≤0.002).
aAdjusted for smoking, age at blood draw, gender, BMI, year of blood draw and study of origin
Abbreviations: EGF, epidermal growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor; CCL, chemokine C-C motif ligand; CXCL, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand; IL, interleukin; R, receptor; sVEGFR, soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; sTNFR, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor; PP, pancreatic polypeptide; sIL-R, soluble interleukin receptor; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; GIP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; sEGFR, soluble epidermal growth factor receptor; IFN, interferon; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin; TPO, thrombopoietin; sGP130, soluble gp130; sCD40L, soluble CD40 ligand; SAP, serum amyloid P; TGF, transforming growth factor; PYY, peptide YY; SCF, stem cell factor; SAA, serum amyloid A; GLP, glucagon-like peptide; POR, prevalence odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; Q, quantile.