Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
The use of pain-related treatment modalities during the 12-month follow-up, by cohort.
Notes: Statistical significance was P<0.001 for all modalities except acupuncture (P=0.006), chiropractic care (P=NS), and botulinum toxin (P=NS).
Abbreviations: LAO, long-acting opioid; NS, not significant; SAO, short-acting opioid; TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
