Table 4.
Means and standard deviations for each child outcome by category of brain abnormality (normal, mild, moderate-severe)
| MR score | Normal M (SD) |
Mild M (SD) |
Mod-Severe M (SD) |
p-valuea | Adjusted p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global | n= 60 | n= 78 | n= 48 | ||
| IQ | 100.2 (14.7) | 96.6 (14.8) | 88.9 (15.2) | <.001 | .009 |
| Word Reading | 100.7 (19.1) | 99.6 (19.1) | 93.8 (20.8) | .043 | .522 |
| Spelling | 100.9 (18.9) | 97.8 (18.9) | 93.5 (21.1) | .025 | .323 |
| Math Comp | 92.9 (18.8) | 90.5 (17.4) | 81.7 (17.0) | .001 | .039 |
| Motor | 9.5 (3.7) | 7.8 (3.6) | 6.1 (3.3) | <.001 | .001 |
| Behavior | 10.2 (7.8) | 10.0 (5.4) | 11.8 (5.5) | .306 | .805 |
|
| |||||
| White Matter | n= 83 | n= 67 | n= 36 | ||
| IQ | 98.4 (16.3) | 95.9 (12.5) | 89.6 (16.8) | .007 | .051 |
| Word Reading | 100.2 (20.3) | 98.6 (17.7) | 94.2 (21.3) | .109 | .328 |
| Spelling | 99.3 (20.5) | 97.9 (16.6) | 93.8 (22.5) | .138 | .319 |
| Math Comp | 91.5 (18.7) | 89.2 (16.9) | 83.1 (18.5) | .020 | .070 |
| Motor | 8.7(4.0) | 8.2 (3.3) | 5.6 (3.3) | <.001 | .003 |
| Behavior | 10.4 (7.2) | 10.1 (5.8) | 11.6 (5.3) | .441 | .906 |
|
| |||||
| Cortical Gray | n= 111 | n= 41 | n=34 | ||
| IQ | 96.8 (14.4) | 93.2 (14.7) | 95.5 (19.1) | .594 | .645 |
| Word Reading | 99.7 (18.8) | 94.7 (20.5) | 98.7 (21.3) | .820 | .924 |
| Spelling | 98.7 (18.5) | 95.2 (18.5) | 97.7 (24.1) | .996 | .856 |
| Math Comp | 89.9 (17.4) | 87.8 (17.5) | 87.8 (21.8) | .707 | .942 |
| Motor | 8.4 (3.6) | 7.5 (3.8) | 6.9 (4.2) | .059 | .742 |
| Behavior | 10.3 (6.7) | 10.0 (5.6) | 11.7 (5.9) | .567 | .758 |
|
| |||||
| Deep Gray | n=81 | n=60 | n=45 | ||
| IQ | 99.9 (14.3) | 96.5 (14.5) | 87.4 (15.5) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Word Reading | 103.3 (17.9) | 95.2 (19.7) | 93.7 (21.0) | .004 | .053 |
| Spelling | 103.7 (18.0) | 94.5 (18.9) | 91.0 (20.6) | .001 | .003 |
| Math Comp | 95.6 (18.4) | 84.5 (16.5) | 83.0 (16.3) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Motor | 9.1 (3.7) | 7.5 (3.5) | 6.4 (3.8) | <.001 | .002 |
| Behavior | 10.2 (7.0) | 10.2 (5.6) | 11.6 (6.0) | .309 | .797 |
|
| |||||
| Cerebellum | n=67 | n=70 | n=49 | ||
| IQ | 99.2 (15.6) | 96.3 (15.8) | 90.4 (13.3) | .001 | .115 |
| Word Reading | 99.0 (19.4) | 99.8 (19.1) | 95.9 (20.8) | .400 | .297 |
| Spelling | 99.8 (19.0) | 98.5 (20.1) | 93.7 (19.5) | .062 | .995 |
| Math Comp | 91.7 (19.6) | 89.0 (17.3) | 85.4 (17.0) | .010 | .497 |
| Motor | 8.7 (3.8) | 8.1 (3.8) | 6.5 (3.4) | .001 | .029 |
| Behavior | 9.8 (6.5) | 10.8 (6.5) | 11.1 (6.0) | .191 | .350 |
Note.
a
p value from regression equation predicting outcome by brain abnormality group (none versus mild or moderate-severe);
b
Adjusted for antenatal corticosteroids, multiple birth, sex, gestational age, birth weight Z-score, grade 3–4 intraventricular hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal corticosteroids, infection, surgery, and higher social risk.