Table 5.

Independent contributions of perinatal, neonatal and social variables on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 7 years on multivariable analysis.

	Neurodevelopmental outcomes
	IQ (n=178)		Word Reading (n=174)		Spelling (n=174)		Math Computation (n=174)		Motor (n=175)
Predictor	Est (95% CI)	p	Est (95% CI)	P	Est (95% CI)	p	Est (95% CI)	P	Est (95% CI)	p
Moderate-severe global brain abnormality (n = 48)	−6.9 (−11.8, −2.1)	0.005	−3.0 (−10.2, 4.1)	0.407	−1.4 (−8.0, 5.2)	0.678	−7.1 (−12.8, −1.3)	0.016	−1.9 (−3.1, −0.6)	0.003
Antenatal corticosteroids (n = 164)	−0.01 (−5.4, 5.4)	0.995	−4.9 (−15.1, 5.4)	0.353	−3.5 (−14.2, 7.2)	0.519	−0.6 (−9.7, 8.5)	0.896	−0.1 (−1.7, 1.4)	0.858
Multiple (n = 83)	−1.6 (−6.2, 3.0)	0.489	−0.7 (−7.1, 5.8)	0.842	−0.04 (−6.2, 6.1)	0.988	−0.6 (−6.4, 5.2)	0.841	0.1 (−1.1, 1.2)	0.921
GA <26 weeks (n = 33)	1.6 (−5.7, 8.9)	0.668	−1.9 (−11.8, 7.9)	0.698	−3.0 (−11.7, 5.6)	0.491	1.4 (−6.1, 9.0)	0.712	−1.1 (−2.8, 0.6)	0.194
Birth weight Z-score <−2 (n = 16)	−5.8 (−13.5, 2.0)	0.143	−8.6 (−19.1, 1.8)	0.104	−10.5 (−20.0, −1.0)	0.030	−9.8 (−18.1, −1.5)	0.020	−1.6 (−3.7, 0.5)	0.135
Male (n = 96)	−3.2 (−7.2, 0.9)	0.126	−2.1 (−7.8, 3.6)	0.469	−3.9 (−9.6, 1.7)	0.173	−0.2 (−5.4, 5.0)	0.940	−0.6 (−1.6, 0.5)	0.296
Grade 3–4 IVH (n = 7)	−1.5 (−18.3, 15.3)	0.860	5.8 (−11.5, 23.1)	0.511	13.4 (−5.9, 32.7)	0.175	8.1 (−5.8, 22.0)	0.254	−1.5 (−4.1, 1.1)	0.273
Cystic PVL (n = 7)	1.1 (−9.7, 11.9)	0.846	−4.8 −19.9, 10.3)	0.533	−12.2 (−26.4, 2.0)	0.092	−6.8 (−16.2, 2.6)	0.156	0.7 (−1.4, 2.8)	0.525
BPD (n = 61)	−3.5 (−9.7, 2.7)	0.269	−1.7 (−9.4, 5.9)	0.657	−2.6 (−9.7, 4.4)	0.461	−1.7 (−8.5, 5.0)	0.612	0.1 (−1.4, 1.6)	0.882
Post-natal corticosteroids (n = 14)	−14.0 (−23.9, −4.1)	0.006	−11.4 (−25.8, 3.1)	0.122	−13.9 (−27.3, −0.4)	0.043	−12.6 (−22.4, −2.8)	0.011	−1.8 (−4.3, 0.7)	0.153
Infection (n = 66)	−2.2 (−6.7, 2.2)	0.329	−1.7 (−7.9, 4.4)	0.577	−5.5 (−11.1, 0.2)	0.058	−3.1 (−8.4, 2.2)	0.253	0.4 (−0.8, 1.5)	0.517
Surgery prior to discharge (n = 34)	−2.4 (−9.1, 4.3)	0.486	−3.7 (−13.6, 6.2)	0.469	−1.3 (−10.6, 8.0)	0.784	−4.1 (−12.4, 4.2)	0.328	−2.1 (−3.5, −0.6)	0.004
Higher social risk at age 7 years (n = 62)	−4.7 (−9.2, −0.1)	0.043	−5.7 (−12.3, 0.9)	0.093	−4.6 (−10.7, 1.5)	0.140	−4.5 (−10.3, 1.3)	0.131	−0.6 (−1.9, 0.6)	0.312

Note. Est = estimate of regression coefficient from separate linear regression models fitted using generalized estimating equations to allow for clustering of twins; CI = confidence interval; BPD = bronchopulmonary dysplasia; IVH = intraventricular hemorrhage; PVL = periventricular leukomalacia. Bolded values indicate P<0.05