Table 3.

Risks of neonatal morbidities during the Prophylactic and Conservative epochs

Statistical Models	sIVH a		Death a		BPD a		BPD/Death a		NEC <10d a		Any NEC a		Treated ROP a
Unadjusted Model	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons
Risk	0.18	0.19	0.20	0.24	0.25	0.36	0.39	0.50	0.074	0.12	0.16	0.17	0.16	0.18
Risk Ratio	0.95		0.83		0.71		0.78		0.64		0.96		0.86
95% CI	0.54–1.35		0.51–1.13		0.47–0.95 *		0.55–0.97 *		0.20–1.08		0.48–1.45		0.43–1.29
Final Adjusted Model b	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons
Risk	0.18	0.20	0.21	0.24	0.25	0.37	0.40	0.51	0.08	0.10	0.17	0.15	0.17	0.16
Risk Ratio	0.93		0.88		0.68		0.78		0.75		1.09		1.04
95% CI	0.55–1.32		0.58–1.18		0.46–0.89 *		0.62–0.95 *		0.21–1.30		0.53–1.65		0.54–1.54
Final Adjusted Model plus PDA at 7 days					Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons
Risk					0.28	0.32	0.34	0.39
Risk Ratio					0.87		0.86
95% CI					0.50–1.23		0.57–1.16
Final Adjusted Model plus Ligation					Pro	Cons	Pro	Cons
Risk					0.24	0.38	0.40	0.51
Risk Ratio					0.64		0.78
95% CI					0.43–0.84 *		0.62–0.94 *

^*p-value <0.05

^asee Table 2 (Table 2; online) for number of infants included in the analysis of each outcome

^bFinal Adjusted Models for each outcome (see Methods) were adjusted for:

sIVH = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, mechanical ventilation at 24 hours (n=380)

Death = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, fetal presentation and Fenton birth weight/age z-score (n =397)

BPD = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, chorioamnionitis, tracheal intubation during 1^st 24 hours, and bacteremia or pneumonia (n=316)

BPD/Death = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, tracheal intubation during 1^st 24 hours and bacteremia or pneumonia (n = 397)

NEC <10d = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, fetal presentation, maternal diabetes mellitus, 5 minute Apgar ≤5, and tracheal intubation during 1^st 24 hours (n = 337)

Any NEC = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, chorioamnionitis, fetal presentation, Fenton birth weight/age z-score, and bacteremia or pneumonia (n = 331)

Treated ROP = gestational age, respiratory severity score at 24 hours after birth, antenatal betamethasone, outborn and chorioamnionitis (n = 315)