Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the In SHAPE intervention group and the gym membership comparison group
| Characteristic | Total Sample | In SHAPE Program | Gym Membership | p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 343 | 171 | 172 | |
| Age, years (M ± SD) | 43.8 ± 11.3 | 43.8 ± 11.5 | 43.9 ± 11.2 | 0.984 |
| Sex | 0.177 | |||
| Male | 154 (45%) | 83 (49%) | 71 (41%) | |
| Female | 189 (55%) | 88 (51%) | 101 (59%) | |
| Race | 0.106 | |||
| Black | 72 (21%) | 34 (20%) | 38 (22%) | |
| Hispanic | 31 (9%) | 22 (13%) | 9 (5%) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 212 (62%) | 102 (60%) | 110 (64%) | |
| Other | 28 (8%) | 13 (8%) | 15 (9%) | |
| Education | 0.619 | |||
| Less than high school | 51 (15%) | 28 (16%) | 23 (13%) | |
| High school | 105 (31%) | 49 (29%) | 56 (33%) | |
| Greater than high school | 187 (55%) | 94 (55%) | 93 (54%) | |
| Current Smoker | 149 (43%) | 72 (42%) | 77 (45%) | 0.619 |
| Living Situation | 0.421 | |||
| Living Independent | 229 (67%) | 118 (69%) | 111 (65%) | |
| Supervised/Supported Housing |
113 (33%) | 53 (31%) | 60 (35%) | |
| Married | 0.007 | |||
| Never Married | 209 (61%) | 118 (69%) | 91 (53%) | |
| Currently Married | 25 (7%) | 8 (5%) | 17 (10%) | |
| Previously Married | 109 (32%) | 45 (26%) | 64 (37%) | |
| Diagnosis | 0.954 | |||
| Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder |
159 (46%) | 79 (46%) | 80 (47%) | |
| Mood Disorder | 184 (54%) | 92 (54%) | 92 (54%) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 (M ± SD)b | 37.1 ± 8.2 | 36.4 ± 7.6 | 37.8 ± 8.6 | 0.107 |
| Weight, pounds (M ± SD) | 234.0 ± 54.3) | 230.0 ± 52.1 | 237.9 ± 56.4 | 0.179 |
| Fitness (M ± SD)c | ||||
| CESD (M ± SD)d | 22.6 ± 13.0 | 22.5 ± 12.6 | 22.8 ± 13.3 | 0.849 |
| Medications | ||||
| Antidepressant medication usee | 187 (58%) | 92 (58%) | 95 (59%) | 0.784 |
| Number of antipsychotic medications (M ± SD) |
2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 0.573 |
| Weight Gain Propensity | 0.113 | |||
| Highf | 86 (27%) | 49 (31%) | 37 (23%) | |
| Mediumg | 137 (43%) | 67 (42%) | 70 (44%) | |
| Lowh | 77 (24%) | 31 (40%) | 46 (29%) | |
| None | 19 (6%) | 12 (8%) | 7 (4%) |
We compared means using t-tests and proportions using chi-square tests
Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured as kg/m2, with >25 kg/m2 indicating overweight or obesity.
Fitness was measured using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT), which measures the number of meters that an individual can walk in 6 minutes. Higher values indicate better fitness.
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) is a 20-item self-report depression symptom scale, with scores ranging from 0 to 60, where higher scores represent higher levels of depression.
Antidepressant medications were classified according to the Food and Drug Administration classification system
High weight gain propensity medications include: olanzapine, clozapine
Medium weight gain propensity medications include: haloperidol, risperidone, quetiapine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, paroxetine, amitriptyline, divalproex, valproate, doxepin, lithium, carbamazepine, imipramine, gabapentin
Low weight gain propensity medications include: ziprasidone, perphenazine, fluphenazine, fluoxetine, buproprion, venlafaxine, molindone, lamotrigine, duloxetine, aripiprazole, fluvoxamine, trazodone, desipramine, loxapine, sertraline, escitalopram, clomipramine, nortriptyline, citalopram, paliperidone, topiramate, mirtazapine, lurasidone