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. 2017 Jul 28;7:6792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07219-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic representation of the neuroanatomical projections of trigeminal nerve for increased cerebral blood flow (CBF). (A) Postganglionic sensory fibers from V1 (ophthalmic nerve) innervates cerebral vessels and causes vasodilation via axon-reflex mechanism. (B) Trigemino-parasympathetic reflex arc involved in vasodilation. (C) Activation of rostral ventrolateral medullar (RVLM) causes cerebrovasodilation via intrinsic pathway. (D) Increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) via RVLM-sympathetic pathway leads to increased CBF.