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. 2017 Jul 28;7:6792. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07219-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of subcutaneous trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) on hemodynamics. (A) Representative changes in MAP, HR, PP and RR. (B) MAP increased significantly with TNS. (C) HR increased slightly with TNS. (D) PP increased with TNS. (E) RR decreased significantly. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. ^#p < 0.05 vs baseline, ^##p < 0.001 vs baseline, ^*p < 0.05 vs TNS, ^**p < 0.001 vs TNS, n = 12/group. B-TNS: 1-min before trigeminal nerve stimulation; TNS: during 1-min trigeminal nerve stimulation; A-TNS: 10-min after trigeminal nerve stimulation.