Table 2.
Unadjusted mean social annual cost data per patient by cost component and by CKD stages 4 and 5 pre-dialyses (Euro 2016)
| Cost component | CKD stage 4 | CKD stage 5 | Overall | p a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | % | Mean | SD | % | Mean | SD | % | ||
| Direct medical cost | ||||||||||
| Laboratory test | 281.5 | ±222.6 | 3.8 | 392.6 | ±233.2 | 4.4 | 328.5 | ±233.4 | 4.1 | |
| Specialist visit | 101.6 | ±69.9 | 1.4 | 126.3 | ±66.6 | 1.4 | 112.1 | ±69.5 | 1.4 | |
| Diagnostic exam | 157.4 | ±167.4 | 2.1 | 186.0 | ±176.0 | 2.1 | 169.5 | ±171.5 | 2.1 | |
| Hospitalization | 1362.4 | ±3250.6 | 18.4 | 1895.6 | ±3100.4 | 21.1 | 1588.2 | ±3195.5 | 19.7 | |
| Drugs | 2075.1 | ±2016.3 | 28.0 | 2629.3 | ±2173.7 | 29.3 | 2309.8 | ±2100.2 | 28.6 | |
| Total | 3978.1 | ±4187.0 | 53.6 | 5229.8 | ±4161.2 | 58.3 | 4508.2 | ±4217.5 | 55.8 | 0.001 |
| Direct non-medical cost | ||||||||||
| Out-of-pocket cost of diet | 154.7 | ±421.9 | 2.1 | 170.4 | ±420.7 | 1.9 | 161.3 | ±421.1 | 2.0 | |
| Reimbursement of diet | 447.8 | ±285.4 | 6.0 | 539.0 | ±207.1 | 6.0 | 486.4 | ±258.9 | 6.0 | |
| Transport of patient and caregiver | 60.4 | ±80.4 | 0.8 | 75.5 | ±84.5 | 0.8 | 66.8 | ±82.4 | 0.8 | |
| Paid domestic help | 701.7 | ±2378.0 | 9.5 | 508.3 | ±2208.6 | 5.7 | 619.8 | ±2307.4 | 7.7 | |
| Informal care | 1705.6 | ±3516.0 | 23.0 | 1651.1 | ±3458.1 | 18.4 | 1682.5 | ±3488.1 | 20.8 | |
| Total | 3070.2 | ±3984.9 | 41.4 | 2944.3 | ±3958.0 | 32.8 | 3016.9 | ±3969.9 | 37.3 | 0.731 |
| Indirect costs | ||||||||||
| Loss of productivity of patient and caregivers | 373.4 | ±2142.6 | 5.0 | 796.7 | ±3297.0 | 8.9 | 552.7 | ±2697.6 | 6.8 | 0.109 |
| Overall | 7421.6 | ±6255.2 | 100.0 | 8971.0 | ±6503.3 | 100.0 | 8077.8 | ±6400.9 | 100.0 | 0.008 |
CKD chronic kidney disease, SD standard deviation
aTwo-sample t test