Table 3.

Incremental effects estimated by multivariate GLM regression (log link, gamma family) adjusted for age, gender, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease by CKD stages 4 and 5 pre-dialyses and by cost components, as direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs, Euro 2016

Patient’s characteristics	CKD stage 4			CKD stage 5			Overall
	Incremental effects	95 % CI	p	Incremental effects	95 % CI	p	Incremental effects	95 % CI	p
Direct medical costs
Age (>74 years)	−941.4	−1820.5 to 62.2	0.036	−775.4	−1840.5 to 289.7	0.154	−960.9	−1652.8 to 268.9	0.006
Female gender	−696.8	−1537.7 to 144.0	0.104	−87.4	−1198.0 to 1023.3	0.877	−409.8	−1114.6 to 295.0	0.254
Diabetes mellitus	1976.1	939.7 to 3012.5	0.000	1058.4	−129.8 to 2246.7	0.081	1602.9	823.3 to 2382.5	0.000
Cardiovascular disease	1392.6	531.9 to 2253.2	0.002	2083.3	898.7 to 3267.9	0.001	1568.9	843.6 to 2294.1	0.000
Direct non-medical and indirect costs
Age (>74 years)	960.8	−71.2 to 1992.9	0.068	7.7	−1319.0 to 1334.4	0.991	489.6	−347.1 to 1326.3	0.251
Female gender	622.5	−412.0 to 1657.0	0.238	1810.5	309.9 to 3311.1	0.018	1187.8	315.7 to 2059.8	0.008
Diabetes mellitus	266.2	−872.7 to 1405.1	0.647	−208.3	−1700.2 to 1283.6	0.784	115.6	−759.8 to 991.0	0.796
Cardiovascular disease	308.3	−733.8 to 1350.4	0.562	786.9	−726.4 to 2300.1	0.308	412.9	−423.4 to 1249.3	0.333
Overall social costs
Age (>74 years)	76.0	−1346.5 to 1498.5	0.917	−891.3	−2536.3 to 753.6	0.288	−490.0	−1600.9 to 620.9	0.387
Female gender	94.5	−1303.4 to 1492.4	0.895	1634.9	−273.6 to 3543.4	0.093	812.2	−366.4 to 1990.7	0.177
Diabetes mellitus	2229.2	638.8 to 3819.6	0.006	1034.4	−763.1 to 2831.9	0.259	1809.4	620.6 to 2998.2	0.003
Cardiovascular disease	1779.5	356.9 to 3202.2	0.014	2836.8	1008.0 to 4665.5	0.002	2002.6	865.9 to 3139.3	0.001

GLM generalized linear model, CKD chronic kidney disease, CI confidence interval