Table 2.

Associations of maternal plasma folate, vitamins B6 and B12, and homocysteine with fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, and gestational diabetes mellitus (n=913)

	Fasting Plasma Glucose		2-hour Plasma Glucose		Gestational Diabetes
	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Folate
Unadjusted	-0.03 (-0.06, 0.001)	0.056	0.26 (0.16, 0.35)	0.001	1.40 (1.17, 1.68)	0.001
Model 1	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.01)	0.124	0.17 (0.08, 0.27)	0.001	1.30 (1.07, 1.59)	0.009
Model 2a	-0.02 (-0.05, 0.02)	0.358	0.15 (0.04, 0.25)	0.014	1.29 (1.01, 1.60)	0.039
Vitamin B12
Unadjusted	-0.06 (-0.09, -0.03)	0.007	-0.09 (-0.19, 0.001)	0.050	0.83 (0.70, 0.98)	0.028
Model 1	-0.04 (-0.07, -0.01)	0.008	-0.06 (-0.15, 0.03)	0.224	0.86 (0.72, 1.03)	0.094
Model 2b	-0.04 (-0.07, -0.01)	0.016	-0.09 (-0.18, -0.003)	0.044	0.81 (0.68, 0.97)	0.024
Vitamin B6
Unadjusted	-0.02 (-0.05, 0.01)	0.284	0.17 (0.08, 0.26)	0.001	1.20 (1.01, 1.43)	0.039
Model 1	-0.02 (-0.05, 0.01)	0.159	0.13 (0.04, 0.22)	0.003	1.20 (0.996, 1.44)	0.055
Model 2c	-0.005 (-0.04, 0.03)	0.747	0.10 (-0.0005, 0.19)	0.051	1.14 (0.94, 1.39)	0.175
Homocysteine
Unadjusted	-0.03 (-0.06, 0.005)	0.106	-0.17 (-0.27, -0.08)	0.001	0.75 (0.63, 0.90)	0.002
Model 1	-0.03 (-0.06, -0.0002)	0.048	-0.15 (-0.24, -0.06)	0.001	0.75 (0.62, 0.91)	0.003
Model 2d	-0.05 (-0.08, -0.02)	0.002	-0.12 (-0.21, -0.02)	0.012	0.76 (0.62, 0.92)	0.006

Effect estimates are per 1-SD increment in log-transformed concentrations of plasma folate, vitamins B6 and B12, and homocysteine.

Model 1 adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, education, income, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, family history of diabetes, and previous occurrence of GDM.

Model 2 adjusted as for Model 1 and ^aplasma B6 and B12; ^bplasma folate and B6; ^cplasma folate and B12; ^dplasma folate, B6, and B12