Table 4.

Associations of maternal plasma folate, vitamins B6 and B12, and homocysteine with fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, and gestational diabetes mellitus according to ethnicity (n=913)

		Fasting Plasma Glucose		2-hour Plasma Glucose		Gestational Diabetes
	n	β (95% CI)	P	β (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Folatea
Chinese	498	-0.03 (-0.08, 0.01)	0.131	0.08 (-0.06, 0.23)	0.263	1.11 (0.84, 1.47)	0.444
Malay	250	0.01 (-0.07, 0.09)	0.776	0.09 (-0.11, 0.29)	0.370	1.17 (0.65, 2.12)	0.590
Indian	165	0.001 (-0.08, 0.08)	0.969	0.35 (0.10, 0.60)	0.007	2.28 (1.24, 4.18)	0.008
Vitamin B12b
Chinese	498	-0.03 (-0.07, 0.01)	0.161	-0.07 (-0.20, 0.05)	0.227	0.86 (0.68, 1.08)	0.208
Malay	250	-0.05 (-0.12, 0.02)	0.174	-0.06 (-0.25, 0.13)	0.527	0.71 (0.43, 1.17)	0.183
Indian	165	-0.03 (-0.11, 0.04)	0.353	-0.15 (-0.38, 0.08)	0.206	0.78 (0.49, 1.25)	0.307
Vitamin B6c
Chinese	498	0.003 (-0.04, 0.04)	0.897	0.09 (-0.04, 0.22)	0.162	1.18 (0.91, 1.53)	0.216
Malay	250	-0.05 (-0.13, 0.02)	0.168	0.03 (-0.17, 0.23)	0.765	1.24 (0.74, 2.08)	0.420
Indian	165	0.005 (-0.07, 0.08)	0.903	0.14 (-0.10, 0.38)	0.254	0.96 (0.59, 1.57)	0.887
Homocysteined
Chinese	498	-0.03 (-0.08, 0.01)	0.136	-0.12 (-0.25, 0.02)	0.099	0.78 (0.59, 1.02)	0.075
Malay	250	-0.06 (-0.13, 0.002)	0.058	-0.04 (-0.21, 0.13)	0.648	0.79 (0.50, 1.25)	0.312
Indian	165	-0.03 (-0.10, 0.03)	0.305	-0.23 (-0.44, -0.01)	0.037	0.62 (0.39, 1.01)	0.053

Effects estimates are per1-SD increment in log-transformed concentrations of plasma folate, vitamins B6 and B12, and homocysteine.

All models adjusted for maternal age, education, income, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, family history of diabetes, previous occurrence of GDM, and ^aplasma B6 and B12; ^bplasma folate and B6; ^cplasma folate and B12;^dplasma folate, B6, and B12.