Table 1.

Infectious Causes of Orchitis in the Setting of Central Nervous System (CNS) Infection

Pathogens Reported in Concurrent Orchitis and CNS Infection	Pathogens Affecting Both Testes and CNS but Not Reported Concurrently
Bacteria
Brucella species [16]	Treponema pallidum
Escherichia coli (postprocedure) [17]
Mycobacterium tuberculosisa [18, 19]
Nocardia species [20]
Viruses
Enterovirus	Dengue virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus [21]	Epstein-Barr virus
Mumps virus [22]	Herpes simplex virus
West Nile virus [23]	Human immunodeficiency virus
	Zika virus
Other
Toxoplasma gondii [24]	Aspergillus species
	Cryptococcus species
	Schistosoma species

^aEpididymitis and orchitis typically present.