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Podocyte hypertrophy. In elevated glucose levels, AngII could elevate protein expressions of kinases ERK1/2 and Akt/PKB through ROS, trigger activation of p27Kip1 via TGF-β1 signal pathway, or upregulate protein expression of CKIs by activating mTORC1, which eventually resulted in glomerular podocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, high glucose also induced podocyte hypertrophy via activation of the IL-6/Gp130-JAK/STAT3 signal pathway.
